Respiratory system 1

Question 1

What is the role of the respiratory system

Answer 1

To keep air warm, clean and moist. And in close proximity with blood for gas exchange

Question 2

What are the main components of the respiratory tract

Answer 2

Nasal cavity (olfaction)
Oral cavity
Conducting region (nose to bronchioles)
Respiratory region (alveoli)

Question 3

What are most of the bodies organs lined with

Answer 3

Mucosa

Question 4

What are the layers of the respiratory tract

Answer 4

Epithelia attached by basement membrane to the lamina propria then the submucosa below

Question 5

What is the lamina propria made of

Answer 5

Connective tissue

Possibly glands or blood vessels

Question 6

What epithelia is present in the different regions of the respiratory system

Answer 6

Changes along length of the tract to reflect function.
Conducting region: Respiratory epithelium
Mouth/throat: Stratified squamous (where food travels)
Site of gas exchange: Simple squamous
Olfaction: Olfactory mucosa

Question 7

Describe respiratory epithelium

Answer 7

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)
(pseudostratified - all call touch basement membrane but gives off a look of layers)

Question 8

Where is respiratory epithelium found

Answer 8

Nasal cavity, pat of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi

Question 9

What is the point of goblet cells

Answer 9

Produce mucus that traps debris and moistens the air.

Question 10

What is the point of ciliated cells

Answer 10

Patterned movement pushes mucus towards pharynx then swallowed and digested by stomach

Question 11

What are the components of the Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)

Answer 11

Nose & Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Pharynx (Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx)

Question 12

What are the functions of the URT

Answer 12

Conducting passage - both air and food
Prepares air for gas exchange (warm, clean, moist)
Paranasal sinuses - resonating chambers for speech
Olfaction - smell receptors

Question 13

Describe the components of the nose

Answer 13

Brige - 2 nasal bones
Cartilage - soft, flexible, maintain patent/unobstructed airway
Nostrils - external/anterior nares
Vestibule lined skin - sebaceous and sweat glands, hair follicles - Vibrissae (filter inhaled air

Question 14

What are the bones of the nasal complex

Answer 14

Nasal septum and midline (separates into sides) - anterior cartilage. - Posterior bone
Roof of cavity formed by ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Floor cavity formed by hard and soft palates.
Conchae on lateral walls

Question 15

Describe the conchae

Answer 15

3 projections (superior, middle and inferior)
Covered by respiratory epithelium
Swirl inspired air, particles stick to mucosa

Question 16

What is the purpose of the conchae

Answer 16

Turbines - ore time for warming and humidifying of air, olfactory detection

Question 17

Describe nasal epithelium

Answer 17

Nasal cavity - mostly respiratory epithelium

Olfactory mucosa - area on roof of nasal cavity - contains smell receptors (olfactory nerve fibres)

Question 18

Describe the nasal mucosa

Answer 18

Epithelium on lamina propria

network (plexus) of thin walled veins

Question 19

What does the nasal mucosa do

Answer 19

Warm incoming air (radiation) - when air temp drops vascular plexus dilates (greater heat transfer)

Question 20

Describe the paranasal sinuses

Answer 20

Sinus - cavity within a bone. Paranasal - surrounding the nose
Within frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones
Lined with respiratory mucosa
Drains into pharynx

Question 21

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

Lighten skull
Increase surface area (to clean air etc.)
Sound resonance (amplifies voice)
Infected mucus can block drainage = blocked sinuses

Question 22

Describe the pharynx

Answer 22

Muscular funnel shaped tube - used by respiratory and digestive system. (throat)
Three regions: Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx.

Question 23

Where is the Nasopharynx located and lined with

Answer 23

Air passage only - respiratory mucosa

Posterior to nasal cavity - from posterior nares to soft plate

Question 24

Describe the Nasopharynx

Answer 24

Soft plate and uvula block during swallowing to prevent food entering nasal cavity
Auditory tubes drain here from middle ear
Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) posterior wall

Question 25

Describe the Oropharynx

Answer 25

Air and food - Stratified squamous - protection against abrasions
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsils

Question 26

Where is the Oropharynx located

Answer 26

Posterior to oral cavity

From soft platelets to hyoid bone

Question 27

Describe the Laryngopharynx

Answer 27

Air and food - Stratified squamous

Food has ‘right of way’ during swallowing

Question 28

Where is the Laryngopharynx located

Answer 28

From hyoid bone to opening of larynx/beginning of oesophagus

Ends at level where respiratory and digestive tracts diverge