Cardiovascular system 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Which way do arteries carry blood

A

Away from the heart (Atrial blood)

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2
Q

Which way do veins carry blood

A

Towards the heart (venous blood)

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3
Q

What part/s of the heart contract first

A

Atria contract first, pushing blood into the ventricles

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4
Q

What part of the heart contracts second

A

The ventricles contact second pushing the blood around the body

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5
Q

Does the left and right contract simultaneously

A

Yes. Both the left and right atrium and ventricles

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6
Q

When do the AV valves open/close

A

Open when the atrium contract

Close when the ventricles contract

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7
Q

When do the semilunar valves open/close

A

Open when ventricles contacts

Close when atrium contacts

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8
Q

How can you increase the force of cardiac contraction

A

Increase cytosolic Ca2+ levels

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9
Q

How does cardiac relaxation work

A

Decreases the Ca2+ levels in cytosol (pumped back into SR) All cardiac myocytes relax between each beat

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10
Q

What is diastole

A

Relaxation/filling - falling pressure

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11
Q

What is systole

A

Contraction/pumping - rising pressure

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12
Q

Does each structure have the same cycle of systole and dyastole

A

No, as the atrium and the ventricle contract at different times they have different periods of rest as well

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13
Q

What is hypertension

A

High Blood pressure

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14
Q

What is hypotension

A

Low Blood pressure

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15
Q

Is systemic or pulmonary pressure higher

A

Systemic pressure is typically higher

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16
Q

What is Haemodynamics

A

How blood flows in a single vessel.

17
Q

What is the equation for Haemodynamics

A
Q = P/R 
Flow = Pressure difference / resistance