Reproductive systems 2 Flashcards
What lines the scrotum
Dartos muscle
What does the cremaster muscle do
Contacts for heat conservation
What temperature are testes
Around 34 degrees Celsius
What does the spermatic cord contain
Ductus deferens
Blood vessels (testicular arteries and veins)
Nerves
Lymphatics
What is the corpus cavernosa
Main erectile tissue - dorsal aspect
What is the corpus spongiosum
Contains urethra
Forms bulb and glands
Ventral aspect
What are the parts of the penis
Root (bulb)
Body
Glands - covered by foreskin/prepuce
What is seminal fluid - semen
How spermatozoa is carried
Where is seminal fluid produced (3 accessory glands)
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Describe the seminal vesicles
Two glands - posterior to bladder, lateral to ampulla
60% of viscous secretion - alkaline pH
Where is the prostate gland located
Inferior to bladder
Wraps around prostate urethra
What does the prostate gland excrete
30% of semen - slightly acidic - milky fluid - contains PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) - sperm activation viability and motility
Describe the bulbourethral glands
Two glands - urogenital diaphragm - open into spongy/penile volume
What does bulbourethral glands secrete
5% of semen volume
secretes lubricate and neutralise acidity in urethra prior to ejaculation
What makes up the final 5% of semen
The spermatozoa
What happens in a vasectomy
Ductus deferens cut and tied
How is gametogenesis controls
Hormonal control - occurs via mitosis and meiosis - haploid (23)
Describe spermatogenesis
Formation of male gamete - spermatogonia transformed to spermatozoa (sperm)
When does spermatogenesis occur
Continuously from puberty onwards - In seminiferous tubules
Describe spermatogenesis 1
Spermatogonia divided by mitosis - 2 daughter cells - one spermatogonia stays at basement membrane of seminiferous tubule
Describe spermatogenesis 2
Second spermatogonia differentiates into primary spermatocyte (diploid) - meiosis 1 and forms secondary spermatocytes (23 chromosomes)
Describe spermatogenesis 3
Undergo meiosis 2 - form spermatids (haploid)
Spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa - head, body and tail - spermiogenesis - eleased into lumen
What are the main hormones of the reproductive system
GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Were are the main reproductive hormones produced
GnRH - hypothalamus
LH and FSH - anterior pituitary (gonadotropins)
What hormones do males produce
Inhibin - Nurse cells
Testosterone - Interstitial endocrine cells
escribe androgen hormones
Steroid hormones
Responsible for male characteristics
Synthetic ones used for therapeutic purposes
Look over the negative feedback loop of hormones
Good
