Reproductive systems 2

Question 1

What lines the scrotum

Answer 1

Dartos muscle

Question 2

What does the cremaster muscle do

Answer 2

Contacts for heat conservation

Question 3

What temperature are testes

Answer 3

Around 34 degrees Celsius

Question 4

What does the spermatic cord contain

Answer 4

Ductus deferens
Blood vessels (testicular arteries and veins)
Nerves
Lymphatics

Question 5

What is the corpus cavernosa

Answer 5

Main erectile tissue - dorsal aspect

Question 6

What is the corpus spongiosum

Answer 6

Contains urethra
Forms bulb and glands
Ventral aspect

Question 7

What are the parts of the penis

Answer 7

Root (bulb)
Body
Glands - covered by foreskin/prepuce

Question 8

What is seminal fluid - semen

Answer 8

How spermatozoa is carried

Question 9

Where is seminal fluid produced (3 accessory glands)

Answer 9

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

Question 10

Describe the seminal vesicles

Answer 10

Two glands - posterior to bladder, lateral to ampulla

60% of viscous secretion - alkaline pH

Question 11

Where is the prostate gland located

Answer 11

Inferior to bladder

Wraps around prostate urethra

Question 12

What does the prostate gland excrete

Answer 12

30% of semen - slightly acidic - milky fluid - contains PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) - sperm activation viability and motility

Question 13

Describe the bulbourethral glands

Answer 13

Two glands - urogenital diaphragm - open into spongy/penile volume

Question 14

What does bulbourethral glands secrete

Answer 14

5% of semen volume

secretes lubricate and neutralise acidity in urethra prior to ejaculation

Question 15

What makes up the final 5% of semen

Answer 15

The spermatozoa

Question 16

What happens in a vasectomy

Answer 16

Ductus deferens cut and tied

Question 17

How is gametogenesis controls

Answer 17

Hormonal control - occurs via mitosis and meiosis - haploid (23)

Question 18

Describe spermatogenesis

Answer 18

Formation of male gamete - spermatogonia transformed to spermatozoa (sperm)

Question 19

When does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 19

Continuously from puberty onwards - In seminiferous tubules

Question 20

Describe spermatogenesis 1

Answer 20

Spermatogonia divided by mitosis - 2 daughter cells - one spermatogonia stays at basement membrane of seminiferous tubule

Question 21

Describe spermatogenesis 2

Answer 21

Second spermatogonia differentiates into primary spermatocyte (diploid) - meiosis 1 and forms secondary spermatocytes (23 chromosomes)

Question 22

Describe spermatogenesis 3

Answer 22

Undergo meiosis 2 - form spermatids (haploid)

Spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa - head, body and tail - spermiogenesis - eleased into lumen

Question 23

What are the main hormones of the reproductive system

Answer 23

GnRH - Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
LH - Luteinizing Hormone
FSH - Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Question 24

Were are the main reproductive hormones produced

Answer 24

GnRH - hypothalamus

LH and FSH - anterior pituitary (gonadotropins)

Question 25

What hormones do males produce

Answer 25

Inhibin - Nurse cells

Testosterone - Interstitial endocrine cells

Question 26

escribe androgen hormones

Answer 26

Steroid hormones
Responsible for male characteristics
Synthetic ones used for therapeutic purposes

Question 27

Look over the negative feedback loop of hormones

Answer 27

Good