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HUBS 192 > Gastrointestinal system 4 > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main parts of the large intestine

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

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2
Q

What are the 4 sub parts of the large intestine

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

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3
Q

What connects the different parts of the LI

A

Retroperitoneal - Ascending and descending

Intraperitoneal - transverse and sigmoidal

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4
Q

What does the Ileocecal valve so

A

Regulates passage into cecum - stops backflow

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5
Q

Describe the appendix

A

Comes off cecum

Reserve of LI bacteria population.

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6
Q

What is inflammation of the appendix called

A

Appendicitis

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7
Q

What are teniae coli

A

3 Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle - muscularis layer

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8
Q

What are haustra

A

Pouches in wall of colon

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9
Q

What are omental appendices

A

Sacs of fat

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10
Q

What does the mucosa in the LI do

A

Invaginates to form intestinal glands - except muscularis layer

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11
Q

What is the function of the mucosa of the colon

A

Water and salt absorption

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12
Q

What is the epithelium of the epithelium of the anal canal

A

From simple columnar to Stratified squamous

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13
Q

What marks the boundary where epithelium changes

A

Anal columns

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14
Q

What are the two important anal sphincters

A

Internal - Smooth muscle - involuntary control

External - Skeletal muscle - voluntary control

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15
Q

How is internal anal sphincter triggered

A

Stretch receptors stimulated by movement of faeces into rectum - relaxes internal sphincter

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16
Q

Where is the liver located

A

Superior to right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity

17
Q

What is the function of the liver

A

Produces bile - stored in gall bladder

18
Q

How much of cardiac output does the liver receive

A

25%

19
Q

Describe the livers blood supply

A

1/3 from hepatic artery

Rest is venous blood from hepatic portal vein

20
Q

What type of blood does the liver receive

A

Nutrient rich
deoxygenated
From small intestine - processed by hepatocytes

21
Q

What vessels to the liver travel within lesser omentum

A

Hepatic portal vein

Hepatic artery and bile duct

22
Q

Describe the structure of the liver

A

Lobules - functional units
Rows of hepatocytes - produce bile
Liver sinusoids between rows - Bile canaliculi between cells

23
Q

What is the portal triad

A

Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein
Bile duct

24
Q

What direction do products from lobules flow

A

Blood - towards central vein - processed by hepatocytes
Bile - (secreted by canaliculi) to bile duct
Opposite directions

25
Q

Where do the livers veins drain

A

Into hepatic vein - which drains into inferior vena cava

26
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Where the bile duct joins the pancreatic duct

27
Q

What happens to bile in the gall bladder

A

Stored and concentrated

HUBS 192 (36 decks)

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