Gastrointestinal system 4 Flashcards
What are the three main parts of the large intestine
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
What are the 4 sub parts of the large intestine
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
What connects the different parts of the LI
Retroperitoneal - Ascending and descending
Intraperitoneal - transverse and sigmoidal
What does the Ileocecal valve so
Regulates passage into cecum - stops backflow
Describe the appendix
Comes off cecum
Reserve of LI bacteria population.
What is inflammation of the appendix called
Appendicitis
What are teniae coli
3 Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle - muscularis layer
What are haustra
Pouches in wall of colon
What are omental appendices
Sacs of fat
What does the mucosa in the LI do
Invaginates to form intestinal glands - except muscularis layer
What is the function of the mucosa of the colon
Water and salt absorption
What is the epithelium of the epithelium of the anal canal
From simple columnar to Stratified squamous
What marks the boundary where epithelium changes
Anal columns
What are the two important anal sphincters
Internal - Smooth muscle - involuntary control
External - Skeletal muscle - voluntary control
How is internal anal sphincter triggered
Stretch receptors stimulated by movement of faeces into rectum - relaxes internal sphincter
Where is the liver located
Superior to right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity
What is the function of the liver
Produces bile - stored in gall bladder
How much of cardiac output does the liver receive
25%
Describe the livers blood supply
1/3 from hepatic artery
Rest is venous blood from hepatic portal vein
What type of blood does the liver receive
Nutrient rich
deoxygenated
From small intestine - processed by hepatocytes
What vessels to the liver travel within lesser omentum
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery and bile duct
Describe the structure of the liver
Lobules - functional units
Rows of hepatocytes - produce bile
Liver sinusoids between rows - Bile canaliculi between cells
What is the portal triad
Branch of hepatic artery
Branch of hepatic portal vein
Bile duct
What direction do products from lobules flow
Blood - towards central vein - processed by hepatocytes
Bile - (secreted by canaliculi) to bile duct
Opposite directions
Where do the livers veins drain
Into hepatic vein - which drains into inferior vena cava
What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla
Where the bile duct joins the pancreatic duct
What happens to bile in the gall bladder
Stored and concentrated
