Cardiovascular system 1 Flashcards
What basic job do Arteries do
Make up the supply chain
What basic job do capillaries do
Make up the exchange chain
What basic job does the lymphatics/veins do
Make up the Drainage chain
What are the fundamental differences between the blood vascular system and the lymphatic system
Blood vascular system - Closed supply and drainage system (Continuous loop)
Lymphatic system - Open-entry drainage system (One-way system)
What are the general principles of the cardiovascular supply side
Arteries are the only supply path
Major arteries deep to avoid damage
Important structures receive supply from two sources
Arteries change their name at each major branch
What are the general principles of the cardiovascular exchange network
Capillaries varying degree of permeability;
Continuous (controlled/ tight)
Fenestrated (leaky)
Sinusoidal (very leaky)
What are the general principles of the cardiovascular drainage system
3 pathways for drainage;
Deep veins
Superficial veins
Lymphatics
How do arteries and veins move the same volume of blood
Veins need to have a lager cross sectional area than arteries (at least twice the size). This is due to the high pressure in arteries moving a larger volume per second than the low pressure arteries
What are the two basic parts of the heart
Base - Broad end
Apex - pointed end
Where is the apex located
In line with midclavicular line and between 5th and 6th rib (PMI - point of maximum impulse)
What are the 4 chambers of the heart
Right atrium Left atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle (interventricular septum)
How does deoxygenated blood get in to the right atrium
Through the superior and inferior vena cava’s and coronary sinus
How does oxygenated blood get into the left atrium
Left and right pulmonary veins (two each side)
What are the basic differences between the left and right sides of the heart
Right side larger cavity with thinner wall - pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
Left side smaller cavity with thicker wall - pumps oxygenated blood all around the body
What are the layers of the heart wall
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
(Pericardium)
