Urinary/renal system 1 Flashcards
What percentage of the body is water
Male - 60%
Female - 55%
What makes up our total body water
Extracellular fluid - 1/3
Intracellular fluid - 2/3
How does the urinary system maintain balance
Filtering blood and expelling waste
What waste does the urinary system expel
Excess water
Excess salts
Waste of metabolism
Toxins and drugs
What is in normal urine
Water Salts Urea Metabolites Hormones Small proteins
What is in abnormal urine
Large proteins
Blood (RBC)
Glucose
What is normal pH of urine
Not tightly regulated and influenced by what is excreted (around 4.6-8)
What are the main components of the Urinary/renal
2 kidneys
2 ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
What does the structure of the kidneys allow
Blood to be brought close to nephron for filtering
Pathway for urine removed, stored and excreted
Protection
Where are the kidneys located
T12 - L3
11th and 12th ribs (floating)
Convex side lateral - medial sides has concave notch - hilum
What is located on posterior and anterior abdominal wall
Retroperitoneal - posterior
Peritoneum - Anterior
What surrounds, supports and protects kidneys
Fat
What are the three regions of the kidneys
Cortex
Medulla
Pelvis
What surrounds the kidneys
Fibrous capsule
Describe the inner medulla
Divided into medullary pyramids - ends in papilla
Describe outer cortex
Continuous layer - renal columns
Describe cortex and medulla
Multiple functional lobes (5-10 per kidney)
What mostly makes up a medullary pyramid
Nephrons - tubes that filter blood and create urine
Where do the papilla drain
Into calyx
Where do the calyces join
Renal pelvis - narrows to ureter
Where does filtration occur
Cortex of the kidney
What artery supply’s blood to the kidneys
Renal artery - from abdominal aorta
What happens after blood is filtered
Veins return filtered blood from cortex to renal vein to IVC
What delivers blood to the glomerulus
Afferent arteriole from arteries
What makes up the glomerulus
Glomerular capillaries - where filtration occurs
Where does blood go after the glomerulus
To the Peritubular capillaries then to the veins
What is the nervous system that supplies the kidneys
Renal plexus - network of autonomic nerves and ganglia
How do sympathetic nerves affect kidneys
Adjust diameter of renal arterioles - regulate blood floe
