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HUBS 192 > Gastrointestinal system 5 > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal system 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the GI tract

A

Obtain nutrients and replace fluid and salts lost

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2
Q

How is fluid and salt lost

A

Urine & faeces
Sweating
Breathing

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3
Q

How does the central nervous system regulate the GI tract

A

Activity over long distances - motility and secretion - modulates ENS
Parasympathetic - stimulates
Sympathetic - inhibits

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4
Q

How does the enteric nervous system regulate the GI tract

A

Local reflexes - peristalsis and segmentation
Submucosal plexus - secretion
Myenteric plexus - motility

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5
Q

Describe hormonal regulation in the GI tract

A

Largest endocrine organ in body

Endocrine and paracrine function

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6
Q

What are the 4 critical hormones of the GI tract

A

Gastrin
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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7
Q

What are the functions of motility

A

Aids chemical digestion and absorption
Mechanical digestion (surface area)
Mixing (chemical digestion)
Exposure to absorptive surfaces (absorption)

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8
Q

What basic tissue type controls motility

A

Smooth muscle - spontaneously active - without external input

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9
Q

How often do the parts of the GI contract

A

Stomach - 2 per min
Duodenum - 12 per min
Ileum - 9 per min

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10
Q

How is the strength of contraction regulated

A

Nervous and hormonal input

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11
Q

Describe fasting

A

Migrating motor complex
4 hours after a meal - every 2h until you eat again
House keeping - clear out flood

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12
Q

Describe the different types of mixing

A

Stomach - retropulsion

Small and Large intestine - Segmentation

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13
Q

How does storage in the stomach work

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle increases volume without changing pressure

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14
Q

Describe segmentation and peristalsis

A

Segmentation - contraction either side mixing food

Peristalsis - Contraction of one side moving food

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15
Q

What does chewing do

A

Reduces size
Mixes with saliva (taste)
Voluntary (skeletal)
Reflex control (strength, frequency, size)

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16
Q

Describe swallowing

A

Rapid transfer from mouth to stomach

Initially voluntary - becomes reflex

17
Q

Where does majority of storage occur in stomach

A

Fundus and body

18
Q

Where does mechanical digestion and mixing occur in the stomach

A

Antrum

19
Q

Describe migrating motor complex

A

4 hours after meal - continues until you eat
1 hour of inactivity
50 mins uncoordinated activity
10 min coordinated activity

20
Q

What does the vagus nerve control

A

Receptive relaxation and gastric accommodation

21
Q

Describe peristalsis of the stomach

A

Starts on greater curvature and spreads to antrum
first 60 min following meal gentle
60-300 min more intense activity

22
Q

Describe retropulsion of the stomach

A

Mixing and mechanical breakdown

Combination of peristalsis and opening and closure of the pyloric sphincter

23
Q

How is gastric emptying rate maintained

A

Matches digestive capacity of intestine

Regulated by feedback from duodenum

24
Q

What can affect gastric emptying

A

Size of meal

Composition of meal

25
Q

How does size of meal effect gastric emptying

A

The larger the meal the faster the emptying

26
Q

How does the composition of a meal effect gastric emptying

A

Fluids faster than solids - reduction of particle size increases surface area
Fats slow gastric emptying - difficult to digest

27
Q

What are the functions of small intestine motility

A

Mixing with pancreatic, biliary and intestine secretions
Controlled movement
Exposure to absorptive surfaces

28
Q

Describe the motility patterns of the small intestine

A

Between meals - Migrating motor complex

After meal - segmentation and limited peristalsis

29
Q

What does segmentation in the LI do

A

Exposure to absorptive surfaces - absorb fluid and salt from faeces

30
Q

Describe mass movement of the LI

A

1-2 times a day following meals

Peristaltic wave - moves faeces into rectum

31
Q

Describe motility in the LI

A

Large periods of inactivity - storage of faeces

HUBS 192 (36 decks)

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