urinary obstraction Flashcards
1
Q
urinary obstruction causes
A
Kidney or bladder stones ▪ Cancer - prostate, bladder, kidney. ▪ BPH - Benign prostatic hyperplasia ▪ Congenital defects ▪ Strictures, kinks or cyst
2
Q
effects of urinary obstruction
A
Blocks or hinders flow of urine ▪Hydronephrosis ▪Affects function and structure ▪Alters blood chemistry ▪ Infection ▪ Ischemia and atrophy ▪Kidney failure
3
Q
renal calculi
A
▪Most common cause ▪Men more than women ▪20 – 55 years old ▪ Family Hx ▪ Indigenous Australians ▪50% reoccurring ▪ Stone Clini
4
Q
conditions that favour stone formation
A
▪Hot climates ▪Australia 4 – 8% in lifetime ▪Dehydration ▪ Excess waste material ▪ Imbalance salts & minerals ▪Concentrated urine ▪ Infection ▪Urinary stasis ▪ Immobility ▪Hypercalcaemia
5
Q
kidney stones
A
▪ Small crystals form ▪Combine to make stones ▪ Large stones cause symptoms ▪ Small stones in kidney normally no symptoms ▪When move from kidney to block ureter cause symptoms
6
Q
renal cholic
A
▪ Stone stretches/dilates the ureter ▪ Severe and sudden pain ▪ Dull flank pain ▪ Pallor, cool and clammy skin ▪ Nausea and vomiting ▪ Dysuria, pyuria, haematuria. ▪ Retention ▪ Infection or sepsis
7
Q
types of kidney stones
A
calcium stones struvite stone uric acid stone cystine stone xanthine stone silica stone
8
Q
calcium stones
A
are formed due to an excess mineral oxalate, found in some fruits and veggies
9
Q
struvite stone
A
due to infection, grow quickly
10
Q
uric acid stone
A
formed due to chronic dehydration, gout, genetic
11
Q
cystine stone
A
inherited disorder, causes the kidney to excrete certain amino acid
12
Q
xanthine stone
A
enzyme defiecency causes buildup of xanthine
13
Q
silica stone
A
rare caused by certain medications/ herbs
14
Q
staghorn
stones
A
1.)UTIs caused by urea splitting bacteria 2.)Klebsiella, pseudomonas, staphylococci 3.)Cause alkaline urine 4.)Formation of stones Become infected and trapped in kidney 5.)Form staghorn stones – stones with branches 6.)Cause kidney infections, hydronephrosis and loss of kidney function
15
Q
assessment of urinary obstruction
A
▪Blood tests ▪Stone analysis ▪Family Hx stones ▪Geographical residence ▪Medications ▪Dietary supplements ▪Nutritional assessment ▪Activity ▪Dehydration status
