aki and ckd

Question 1

Acute kidney disease

Answer 1

reversible, sudden loss of kidney funcrtion accompanied by a rise in creatinine and or reduction of urine output

Question 2

causes of aki

Answer 2

prerenal
intrinsic
postrenal

Question 3

prerenal

Answer 3

reversible caused by: Severe blood loss and low blood pressure, can be corrected if these are corrected
ex: medication affect blood supply
surgery

Question 4

intrinsic

Answer 4

occurs when direct damage to the kidneys causes a sudden loss in kidney function.
acute tubular necrosis, low bp, glumerular nephritis

Question 5

postrenal

Answer 5

occurs when an obstruction in the urinary tract (bladder) below the kidneys causes waste to build up in the kidneys
just correct obstruction
examples calculi, enlarged prostate

Question 6

signs of aki

Answer 6

hyperkaleamia
fluid retention
metabolic acidosis

Question 7

treatment of aki

Answer 7

pharmacological therapy

renal replacement therapy

Question 8

pharmacological therapy

Answer 8

duiretics
Antiapoptosis/Necrosis Agents
Antisepsis

Question 9

renal replacement therapy

Answer 9

therapy that replaces the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys.
dailysis

Question 10

phases of aki

Answer 10

early diuretic phase
late diuretic phase
recovery phase

Question 11

early diuretic phase

Answer 11

The kidneys try to heal and urine output increases immediately after no urine output for a long time up to 5 liters per day

Question 12

late diuretic phase

Answer 12

urea and creatinine stop rising

Question 13

recovery phase

Answer 13

falling of urea and creatinine levels, 60% of patient who recovered have long term damage in kidneys

Question 14

nursing management of aki

Answer 14

accurate fluid balance
mdt approach
adequate intravascular volume and cardiac output
aseptic technique

Question 15

chronic kidney disease

Answer 15

the progressive decline in kidney function following injury to the nephrons

Question 16

end stage renal failure

Answer 16

esrf is the progression of ckd in which greater than 90% of the renal function has been irreversibly destroyed
last stage of ckd

Question 17

stages of ckd

Answer 17

stage 1 more  than 90 %
stage 2 60-89 percent
stage 3 45-59% 30-44%
stage 4 15-29%
stage 5 less than 15 %

Question 18

causes of ckd

Answer 18

diabetic nephropathy
glomerulonephritis
hypertension
polycystic kidney
reflux nephropathy
other
uncertian

Question 19

effects of ckd

Answer 19

peripheral nephropathy
psychological
pulmonary
haematological
ocular
neurological
endcroine
metabolic
integumentary
cardiovascular
gastrointestinal

Question 20

when kidney fails result

Answer 20

decrease vit d3 activation
decrease serum calcium
excess production of parathyroid hormone
decreased phosphate excretion

Question 21

in the presence of ckd

Answer 21

enlarged parathyroid gland secrete escess parathyroid hormone

Question 22

elevated parathyroid hormone stu=imulate the release of

Answer 22

calcium and phosphate from bones adding to ingested calcium and phosphate

Question 23

normal renal function balances the

Answer 23

calcium phospate and parathyroid gland

Question 24

excess production of parathyroid hormone cuases

Answer 24

increases calcium and phospate
decreases of bone strength
calcium deposit

Question 25

treatment of esrf

Answer 25

haemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
transplant
supportive care

Question 26

management of ckd

Answer 26

early diagnosis
dehydration
infection
medications

Question 27

dietary management

Answer 27

restriction on protein, sodium,phosphate, potassium, energy

Question 28

nursing interventions

Answer 28

education/ health promotion
hypertension
diabetes management
patient advocate
timely mdt referral