Lower Respiratory 4a

Question 1

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 1

Acute bronchitis
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (tb)

Question 2

Acute bronchitis

Answer 2

Inflammation of the bronchi

Question 3

Pertussis

Answer 3

Whooping cough

Question 4

Pneumonia

Answer 4

Acute infection of the lung

Question 5

Tuberculosis

Answer 5

Infectious diseases caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 6

Pneumonia causes

Answer 6

Bacteria, mycoplasma organisms, fungi, parasites, chemicals

Question 7

Ypes of pneumonia

Answer 7

Community acquired pneumonia
Medical care-associated pneumonia
Aspiration pneumonia
Opportunistic pneumonia

Question 8

Community acquired pneumonia

Answer 8

Occurs in patient who has not been hospitalised within 14 days of onset symptoms

Question 9

Medical care associated pneumonia

Answer 9

Hospitised associated pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia and healthcare-associated pneumonia

Question 10

Aspiration pneumonia symptoms are

Answer 10

Cap or mcap

Occurs when stomach or mouth contents enter trachea and lungs

Question 11

Opportunistic pneumonia disease

Answer 11

Occurs in individuals with risks

Question 12

Patho physiology of pneumonia occurs

Answer 12

Normal inflammatory response can have serious consequences for the lung tissue

Specifd pathological changes relate to the causative organism

Most organism trigger an inflammatory response in the lung, resulting in a vascular reaction and neutrophil activation. Aling with fluid from surrounding blood vessel this fills the alveoli and causes decreased gas exchange

Question 13

Assessment of severity for cap

Answer 13

Using tools like curb-65

Question 14

Curb 65

Answer 14

Confusion
U: BUN >30 mg/dl
R : respiratory rate>30?breaths per min
B  bp systolic bo <90 d bp <60
Higher than 64 yo

Question 15

Score curb 65

Answer 15

0- treat at hoke
1-2 consider hospital admission
3 or more hospital admission
4-5 considerations to icu

Question 16

Signs of pneumonia

Answer 16

Cough
Fever
Chills
Dyspnoea 
Tachypnoea
Cyanosis 
Headache
Purulent sputum
Confusion
Fatugue
Anorexia 
Abdominal pain
Chest pain
Hypothermia

Question 17

Complications of pneumonia

Answer 17

Pluerisy
Pleural effusion
Atelectasis
Lung abscess 
Empyema
Pericarditis
Meningitis 
Sepsis
Acute respiratory failure 
Pneumothorax
Empyema
Cardiovascular event

Question 18

Causes of pneumonia children

Answer 18

Virus
Pneumococcus
Myoplasma
Other

Question 19

Previously fit adults cause pneumonia

Answer 19

H influenza 
Viruses
Legionella
Mycoplasma 
Staphylococcus
Others

Question 20

Previous respiratory illness cause pneumonia

Answer 20

Pnuemkcocus
H influenza
Staphylococcus
Klebsiell

Question 21

Hospital acquired pneumonia

Answer 21

Gran- negative bacteria 
Staphylococcus 
Pneumococus
Anearovic bacteria 
Nb aspiration pneumonia

Question 22

Diagnosis of pneumonia

Answer 22

History and physical examination 
Chest x ray and imaging
Gram stain of sputum
Sputum c&s
Blood tests

Question 23

Management of pneumonia

Answer 23

Early identification and referral to hospital 
antibiotic therapy 
Respiratory support
Increase fluid intake 
Antipyretic 
Rest
Analgesic
Education

Question 24

Pneumonia prevention

Answer 24

Pneumovas vaccinatiob
Educate abkut good health hanits
Identify petients at risk

Question 25

Pneumovas vaccination

Answer 25

Age less than 65
2-65 with chronic conditions
19-65 asthma or smike
Long term facilities

Question 26

Identify patients at risk

Answer 26

Abdominal surgery
Mechanical ventilation 
More than 65
Smoker
Chronic disease
Iv drug use
Invasive lines

Question 27

Inflammation response to pneumonia

Answer 27

1.) attraction of neutrophil
2 inflammation mediators
3 accumulation of fibrous exudates rbs

A alveolar filled with debris
Increased production of mucous

Decrease gas exhange
Resolution of infection

Macrophage un alveoli ingest and remove devris
Normal tissue restored
Gas exchange return to normal