Respiratory Lecture: Restrictive respiratory disorders, b Flashcards
1
Q
: Pulmonary oedema
A
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in
the alveoli and interstitial spaces
2
Q
: Pulmonary oedema causes
A
Heart failure •Overhydration with IV fluids •Hypoalbuminaemia •Altered capillary permeability •Respiratory distress syndrome •Malignancies of the lymph system •Unknown causes
3
Q
Vascular Lung Disorders: Pulmonary oedema
Signs and symptoms
A
- Anxiety
- Pale
- Clammy and cold
- Dyspnoea
- Orthopnoea
- RR
- Accessory muscle use
- Wheeze and cough
- Pink frothy sputum
- Crackles and possible wheeze on auscultation
- or BP
- Rapid HR
4
Q
Pulmonary oedema
Management
A
Monitor haemodynamic and oxygenation status (ICU/HDU) •Offload fluid • Diuretics • Dialysis •Non invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation may be needed •Find and treat cause
5
Q
Vascular Lung Disorders:
Pulmonary embolism development
A
•Develops when a clot or piece of a
clot becomes dislodged and travels
to the lungs where it lodges in the
pulmonary circulation
6
Q
Pulmonary embolism severity
A
everity is related to the amount of
lung embolized and the pre-existing
state of the pulmonary vasculature
and right ventricle. (Ward et al, 2015)
7
Q
Pulmonary embolism
Signs and Symptoms
A
Signs and Symptoms •Dyspnoea •Mild hypoxaemia •Pleuritic chest pain •Haemoptysis •Apprehension and •Tachypnoea •Hypotension and shock (massive PE) •ECG changes
8
Q
Pulmonary embolism
Multidisciplinary Care
A
•Immediate anticoagulation (LMWH the warfarin 3-6 months) •Pulmonary embolectomy (surgical or vascular catheter approach) •Inferior vena cava filter can be fitted for high risk patients •O2 therapy as needed +/- intubation •Opioid
9
Q
Pulmonary embolism
Complications
A
- Pulmonary infarction
* Pulmonary hypertension
