Heart 6b Hf Flashcards
Aha stages of heart failure
Stage a
Patients at high risk for hd ( htn, diabetes, metabolic syndrome) but eithout structural heart disease
Aha stages of heart failure stage 2
Patients with structural heart disease but who have never show signs of hf
Aha stages of heart failure stage c
Pateints with prior signs of hf associated with knkwn, underlying structural heart disease
Aha stages of heart failure stage d
Patients with refractory hf ( severe signs) eho require specialised interventions
Diagnosis of chf
Good physical assessment, appropriate diagnostic test are vital to confirm diagnosis
Assessment of chf
Patient history Physicsl examination Ecg Chest x-ray Echocardiogram Blood test Coronary angiogram Endomyocardial biopsy
Clinical course ir chf
Healthy heart
Predisposing risk factors
Acute cardiac event
Cardiac remodeling
Symptomatic chf Clinically unstable Stable Clinically stable Stable End stage Death
Management of non-pharmacological
Nutrition Fluid management - alcohol - caffeine Physical activity and rehabilitation - when to rest Daily weight Smoking Models of care - mdt heart failure disease management programs and tele-monitoring - nurse les titrations
Pharmacological therapy chf
Diuretic Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors Vasodilators B adrenergic blockers Hcn channel blocker Positive inotropes Morphine Aantiarrhythmics Anticoagulant
Diuretic
Decrease fluid volme
Decrease pulmonary venous pressure
Relieve signs of hf
Decrease preload
Renin- angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors
Dilate venulea Improve renal blood dlow Decrease fluid volume Relieves signs of hf Promote reverse remodelling Decrease morbidity and mortality
Vasodilator
Reduce cardiac afterload Dilate the arterioles of the kidney, increasing perfusion and fluid loss Decreased by Decreased preload Relive symptoms of hf
B adrenergic blockers
Promote reverse remodeling
Decrease afterload
Inhibit sns
Decrease morbidity and mortality
Hcn channel blockers
Lowers heart rate
Positive inotropes
Increase co
Increase hr
Produce mild vasodilation
Increase stroke volume and co
