Respiratory 1

Question 1

Respitary system

Answer 1

Upper respiratory system
Lower respiratory system 
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs
Alveoli 
Pleura
Diaphragm 
Respiratory muscle

Question 2

Upper respiratory system

Answer 2

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 3

Nose and nasal cavity

Answer 3

Nose and nasal cavity
Air enters and leaves vis nose. Here it is warmed and moistened
Dust particles or organisms are trapped in the cilia and moved to the pharynx where they can be swallowed or expelled

Question 4

Pharynx

Answer 4

Divided into 3 regions - naso, oro and laryngopharynx.
Lined with ciliated mucosa
Which is mucus-secreting membrane that contains hair- like protections to move the mucus across the surface and enable

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

Voice box
Connect laryngopharynx and the trachea
Larynx moves during voice production and swallowing

Question 6

Lungs

Answer 6

Right lung - 3 lobes
Left lung - 2 lobes
Surrounded by pleura
Sits within thr flexibles thoracic cavity within the thoracic cage

Question 7

Pleura

Answer 7

Visceral
Parietal
The pleura secretes a small amount of fluid that fills the pleural sac

Question 8

Visceral

Answer 8

Lines the surface of the lungs

Question 9

Parietal pleura

Answer 9

Lines the thoracic cavity

Question 10

Trachea

Answer 10

Passageway of air. They are reinforced with cartilage to prevent collapse
Sits in front of the oesophagus

Question 11

Bronchial tree

Answer 11

At the level of the carina the trachea branches into the left and right main bronchi
They continue to branch to form bronchioles

Question 12

Alveoli

Answer 12

Where gas exchange occurs via diffusion

Surfactant line the surface of each alveoli

Question 13

Carriage of oxygen

Answer 13

Oxygen moves across the respiratory membrane into the capillary
It is not very soluble and only 3 ml of o2 is dissolved in 100 ml blood. Most oxygen is carried and transported in hb

Question 14

Breathing

Answer 14

Inspiration and expiration

Question 15

Breathing process

Answer 15

Muscles of inspiration and expirations
Elastic properties of the lungs and chest wall
Resistance to airflow through conducting zone

Question 16

Thoracic cage

Answer 16

The lungs and major airways share the thoracic cage with the heart, great vessels and the oesophagus

Question 17

Thoracic cavity

Answer 17

Closed compartment

An important consideration for ventilation

Question 18

Main muscles responsible for breathing

Answer 18

diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 19

The respiratory muscles act to

Answer 19

Increase the thoracic volume

Question 20

Increased volume result

Answer 20

In a drop in intrapleural and alveolar pressure
Which air flows to the lungs
Due to elastic nature of the lung tissues, they recoil ( reducing the size of thoracic cavity) and air flows out

Question 21

Controls of mechanism

Answer 21

Chemical

Neural

Question 22

Chemical mechanism

Answer 22

Mediated via central and peripheral chemoreceptors
These chemical receptors detect changes in arterial paco2, ph and pao2
Paco2 is the most important factor

Question 23

The chemoreceptors

Answer 23

Maintain oxygen and carbond dioxide within narrow limits

Question 24

Neural mechanism

Answer 24

Control of breathing involves central pattern generator in the brain stem that sets the basic rhythm and pattern of ventilation and controls the respiratory muscles

It is a complex network encompassing diffuse groups of respiratory neurone in the pons and medulla