Lower Respiratory System 2b Flashcards
Lung cancer
Most common cause of cancer death
Cancer risk factors
Cigarette smoking account for majority of lung cancer cases Abestos exposure Tobacco smoke Pollution (chemical, radiation, radon) Genetic
Patho physiology
Most primary lung tumours are believed to rise form mutated epithelial cells
Mutation are caused by carcinogens and are influenced bu genetic factors
Lung cancer growth
8-10 years to reach as size of 1 cm ( smallest lesion able to be detected on x-ray)
Lung cancer metastasise
Via blood and lymph system
Most common sites are liver, brain, bones lynph node and adrenal glands
Types of lung cancer
Smallcell
Non-small cell
Small cell
Type small cell carcinoma
growth : very rapid
Poor prognosis
Non-small cell
Types : squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, large cell
Growth: variable rates
Best prognosis is for scc
Diagnosis of lung cancer
History Chest x rat Bronchoscopy Cr / mri Pet Mediastinoscopy Vats Transbronchial or percutaneous fine-needle aspiration
Cancer management
Surgical resection treatment of choice Radiation therapy- nsclc and sclc Stereotactic body radiation Chemotherapy Biological and target therapy Other therapies Airway stent Radiofrequency ablation Photodynamic therapy
Nursing considerations
Support and reassurance during testing and diagnosis
Specific post operative care depends on procedure
Education
education lung cancer
Lifestyle measures
Post discharge sogns and symptoms arrange home oxygen
Pain management
Referral to mdtcand palliative care teams as appropriate
Chest surgeries for ling cancer
Lobectomy Pneumonectomy Segmental resection Wedge resection Decortication Exploratory thoracotomy Thoracotomy
Thoracic surgery and post operative care considerations
Pain management Management of chest drains Patient positioning Antibiotics Patient ambulation Fluid balance
Lobectomy
Removes an entire lobe
