Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA3 > Urinary 11 - Malignancy > Flashcards

Urinary 11 - Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the most common cancer in men:

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 2nd most common cause of death in men by cancer:

A

Prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the most common cause of death by cancer in men:

A

Lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give some risk factors of prostate cancer:

A
  • Increasing age
  • Family history (4x)
  • Black > White > Asian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give some explanations of raised PSA:

A
  • Prostate cancer
  • Urine infection
  • Acute urine retention
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Catheterization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the typical presentation of Prostate cancer?

A
  • Typically asymptomatic

- May have bone pain and urinary symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What symptom of prostate cancer shows advanced disease?

A

Haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

A
  • Digital Rectal Examination
  • Raised serum PSA
  • TRUS = Transurethral ultrasound-guided biopsy of prostate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment for urinary symptoms caused by enlarged prostate?

A

TURP = Transurethral resection of prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is Prostate cancer classified?

A

Gleason score
= Tumour growth pattern of biopsy tissue scored 1-6
= 2 most common growth patterns combined to give score out of 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does prostate cancer typically metastasise to?

A

Bone
Liver
Lung
Adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does PSA stand for?

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name the tumours which release PSA:

A
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia

- Malignant prostate cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage of patients with visible haematuria have a malignancy?

A

~ 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List some causes of haematuria:

A
  • Cancer
  • Stones
  • Glomerular disease
  • Infection
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name the cancers which commonly cause haematuria:

A
  • Renal carcinoma
  • Bladder carcinoma
  • Prostate cancer (advanced)
  • upper tract Transition Cell Carcinoma (TCC)
17
Q

What is a varicocele?

A

Collection of enlarged/dilated veins in the scrotum, usually on left side due to faulty valves.

18
Q

Is bladder cancer more common in Men or Women?

A

Men 2:1

19
Q

Give some risk factors of bladder cancer:

A
  • Chemical exposure (painters/mechanics/hairdressers/printers)
  • Smoking (4x)
  • Schistosomiasis
20
Q

What is the typical presentation of a patient with bladder cancer?

A
  • Dysuria
  • Pain in lower abdo/back
  • Haematuria
  • Polyuria
21
Q

What is the treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma? (75% cases)

A

TUR - Transurethral resection of tumour

22
Q

What are the treatment options for bladder cancer?

A
  • TUR (Transurethral resection)
  • Intravesical chemotherapy
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + Radical cystectomy
  • Neoadjuvant chemotherapy + Radiotherapy
23
Q

What is a radical cystectomy?

A

Removal of bladder and part of urethra, and associated lymph nodes and organs affected by the cancer

24
Q

Where does bladder cancer typically metastasise to?

A

Bone
Liver
Lung

25
Q

Name the cancer responsible for 95% of upper tract tumours:

A

Renal cell carcinoma

26
Q

Is renal cell carcinoma more common in men or women?

A

Men 3:2

27
Q

List some risk factors of renal cell carcinoma:

A

Obesity
Smoking (2x)
Dialysis

28
Q

Give the 3 modes of metastasis for renal cell carcinoma:

A

1) Haematogenous
2) Lymphatic
3) Perinephrically

29
Q

What are the treatment options for Renal Cell Carcinoma?

A
  • Surveillance
  • Partial/Radical nephrectomy
  • Radiofrequency ablation
  • Cryotherapy ablation
  • Arterial embolisation
30
Q

What are the palliative treatment options for renal cell carcinoma?

A

Monoclonal antibody therapies targeting angiogenesis:

  • Sunitib
  • Sorafenib
  • Pazopanib
31
Q

Where does Renal Cell Carcinoma typically metastasise to?

A

Bone
Brain
Liver
Lung

32
Q

Give some risk factors of upper tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma:

A

Smoking
Balkan nephropathy
Phenacetin abuse (analgesic)

33
Q

What is the treatment of upper tract Transition Cell Carcinoma?

A

Nephro-ureterectomy

= Removal of kidney, surrounding fat, ureter and cuff of bladder

34
Q

What is a nephro-ureterectomy, and why is it performed?

A

Removal of kidney, surrounding fat, ureter and cuff of bladder, to improve outlook of patient with upper tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma

ESA3 (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions