Infection 5 - Adaptive Immune System Flashcards
Where are antigen presenting cells located in the body?
- Skin
- Mucous membranes
- Lymphoid organs
- Blood
Where are dendritic cells found in the body?
- Lymph nodes
- Mucous membranes
- Blood
What cells can dendritic cells present antigens to?
- T cells
- B cells
Where are Langerhans’ cells found in the body?
Skin
What cells can Langerhans’ cells present antigens to?
T cells
Where are B cells found in the body?
Lymphoid tissue
Which immune cells can present antigens to B cells?
Dendritic cells
What is another name used for Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC molecules)?
Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)
Where are Class I MHC molecules found, and what cells do they present peptides to?
- All nucleated cells
- CD8+ T-cells
Which class of MHC molecules present peptides from INTRAcellular microbes to T cells?
Class I
Which class of MHC molecules present peptides from EXTRAcellular microbes to T cells?
Class II
Where are Class II MHC molecules found, and what cells do they present peptides to?
- Dendritic cells, Macrophages, B cells
- CD4+ T-cells
Why is it better to have many, diverse MHC molecules, rather than a select few?
More, diverse MHC molecules mean a wider range of antigens/microbes can be presented to our immune system, protecting us against infectious disease.
How do CD8+ T-cells respond when peptides from intracellular microbes are presented to them?
Directly kill the cell via:
- Perforins
- Granzymes
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
What does a T-cell Receptor interact with?
- Peptide antigen
- MHC molecule
Which surface glycoproteins are expressed by T helper cells?
CD3+
CD4+
What are the 3 main types of T helper cells?
1) TH1
2) TH2
3) TH17
Which surface glycoproteins are expressed by cytotoxic/cytolytic T cells?
CD3+
CD8+
Are T cells memory cells?
Yes
Which cytokines are produced by CD4+ TH1 cells?
TNF-alpha
IFN-gamma
Which cytokines are produced by CD4+ TH2 cells?
IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
Which cytokine is produced by CD4+ TH17 cells?
IL-17
CD4+ TH1 cells stimulate which cells against intracellular microbes?
- B cells
- Macrophages
- CD8+ Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)
Which T helper cells help kill intracellular microbes? (stimulate cells to kill microbes)
CD4+ TH1
Which T helper cells help kill extracellular microbes? (stimulate cells to kill microbe)
CD4+ TH2
CD4+ TH17
CD4+ TH2 cells stimulate which cells against extracellular microbes?
- Mast cells
- B cells
- Eosinophils
CD4+ TH17 cells stimulate which cells against extracellular microbes?
- Neutrophils
What are the 4 types of antibodies?
1) IgG
2) IgA
3) IgM
4) IgE
Which antibody is produced in the primary immune response?
IgM
Which antibodies are produced in the secondary immune response?
IgA
IgG
Which antibody is the most abundant in the blood?
IgG
Which antibody can cross the placenta?
IgG
Which antibody offers immunity against helminths?
IgE
Which antibody causes allergic reactions?
IgE
Which antibodies activate the complement cascade?
IgM
IgG
Which antibodies give mucosal immunity to pathogenic invasion?
IgA
Which antibody is restricted to the vascular system, and why?
IgM
High molecular weight
