Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA3 > HPHD 2 - Cultural/Sexual Diversity, LGBT Health + Health-Related Behaviours > Flashcards

HPHD 2 - Cultural/Sexual Diversity, LGBT Health + Health-Related Behaviours Flashcards

1
Q

Define cultural identity:

A

Identity formed by each person in relation to the group(s) they identify with. May be based on heritage, race, ethnicity, beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, occupation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is does the delivery of healthcare need to take diversity into account?

A
  • Allows patient-centred approach
  • Ensure no disparity in care across cultures
  • Diversity is increasing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can discrimination lead to poorer health for LGBT patients?

A
  • Increased stress
  • Low self-esteem
  • Isolation
  • Encourages sub-culture (drinking/smoking/drug use)
  • Distrust of authorities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Approximately what proportion of LGBT patients suffer depression?

A

~ 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define heterosexism:

A

Prejudice or discrimination against homosexuals on the assumption that heterosexuality is the normal sexual orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between a transsexual person and a transgender person?

A

Both = Gender identity/expression differs from their birth sex
Transgender person has undergone gender reassignment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name some specific health needs which are prevalent in the LGBT population:

A
  • Mental health: anxiety, depression, suicidality
  • Substance abuse
  • Cervical cancer
  • Anal cancer
  • STIs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why can terminology around sexual behaviour be a problem when talking to patients?

A

The word sex can mean different things to different people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the NATSAL survey:

A

National survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles

  • ~15,000 people aged 16-75 interviewed about their sexual behaviour:
  • Types of sex
  • Freq. of sex
  • No. partners etc
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is it difficult to obtain accurate information about sexual behaviour?

A
  • Embarrassment

- Relies on recall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define health-related behaviour, and give some examples:

A

Anything that promotes good or bad health:
Good: Healthy-eating, safe sex, exercising
Bad: Unhealthy diet, smoking, drinking, drug-use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the 3 learning theories of health-related behaviour:

A

1) Classical conditioning
2) Operant conditioning
3) Social learning theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Behaviour becomes paired with environment = habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The use of Disulfiram to treat alcohol dependence is an example of which learning theory?

A

Classical conditioning

- Learn to associate taste/ingestion of alcohol with nausea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Behaviours are shaped by consequences: reward/punishment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Smoking to alleviate stress is an example of which learning theory?

A

Operant conditioning

- Smoking is associated with immediate reward (dopamine release)

17
Q

What is the social learning theory of health-related behaviour?

A

People perform behaviours which they believe are rewarded, and which they believe they can enact:

  • watch and learn from others
  • influenced by role models
18
Q

Name the 2 social cognition models of health- related behaviour:

A
  • Health belief model

- Theory of planned behaviour

19
Q

What is the stages of change model?

A

Natural stages experienced when changing a behaviour:

  • Pre-contemplation
  • Contemplation
  • Determination
  • Action
  • Relapse or Maintenance
20
Q

Define compliance:

A

The extent to which a patient ‘complies’ with medical advice

21
Q

Define adherence:

A

The extent to which patient behaviour coincides with medical advice

22
Q

Define concordance:

A

When the doctor and patient work together to make decisions regarding the patients health

23
Q

Why does concordance lead to better adherence?

A
  • Patient is involved in decision making
  • Patients beliefs, expectations, lifestyle and priorities have been taken into account
  • Barriers to adherence have been addressed
  • Promotes patient trust and satisfaction with care
24
Q

Approximately what percentage of people with chronic illness are non-adherent with their treatment plan? Which illnesses have the highest rate of non-adherence?

A

~ 50%

  • Pulmonary disorders
  • Diabetes
  • Sleep disorders
25
Q

List some methods of directly measuring adherence, and some disadvantages of these:

A
  • Observation
  • Blood/urine test
  • Limited to clinical practice
  • Expensive
  • Non-adherence can be masked
26
Q

List some methods of indirectly measuring adherence, and their main drawback:

A
  • Pill counts
  • Mechanical/electronic measures of dose

Does not measure if patient actually took medication

27
Q

What can cause unintentional non-adherence?

A
  • Lack of capacity
  • Lack of resources
  • Mobility/dexterity constraints
28
Q

Define low-risk drinking:

A

Drinking within the Department of Health’s sensible drinking recommendations

29
Q

If someone regularly drinks excessively but has no significant alcohol-related problems, how would their drinking behaviour be classified?

A

Hazardous drinking

30
Q

What is hazardous drinking?

A

Drinking over the sensible drinking limit: regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, with no significant alcohol-related problems

31
Q

What is the Department of Health’s sensible drinking recommendations?

A

~ 14 units/week

= around 6 pints of beer or 175ml glasses of wine

32
Q

What is harmful drinking?

A

Drinking over the sensible drinking limit: regularly drinking excessive amounts of alcohol, with clear evidence of alcohol-related harm

33
Q

What are the 3 subtypes of harmful drinking?

A

1) Moderate dependence
2) Severe dependence
3) Severe dependence + complex needs

34
Q

If someone currently drinks to relieve withdrawal symptoms, how would you classify their drinking behaviour?

A

Harmful drinking with severe dependence

35
Q

How would you manage an acutely intoxicated patient, who is a known alcoholic?

A
  • Monitor vital signs, electrolytes and glucose
  • Administer Thiamine
  • Management of withdrawal symptoms
36
Q

Describe management of a detoxing alcoholic:

A

Manage withdrawal:

  • Chlordiazepoxide
  • Chlomethiazole
  • Diazepam
  • Zopiclone
  • Vitamin B1 + B complex

Counselling + advice

Relapse prevention ie Disulfiram

37
Q

Which symptoms of alcohol withdrawal can Chlordiazepoxide reduce?

A

Reduce:

  • Headaches
  • Tremor
  • Vomiting
  • Insomnia
  • Anxiety
  • Coordination
  • Tachycardia
  • Panic
38
Q

Why is Zopiclone sometimes given to someone experiencing alcohol withdrawal?

A

Treatment for insomnia

ESA3 (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions