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ESA3 > Infection 2 - Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Infection 2 - Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A
  • Beta-lactams

- Glycopeptides

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2
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Macrolides
  • Aminoglycosides
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3
Q

Which antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

A

Quinolones

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Beta-lactams?

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis:

  • Express beta-lactamase genes
  • Prevents peptidoglycan crosslinking
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5
Q

What are the 4 main classes of Beta-lactams?

A

1) Penicillins
2) Cephalosporins
3) Carbapenems
4) Monobactams

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6
Q

What type of antibiotic would you use to treat Streptococcus?

A
  • Penicillin
  • Meropenem
  • Tetracycline
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7
Q

Which antibiotics make up the triple therapy given for Helicobacter pylori (with proton pump inhibitors)?

A

1) Amoxicillin

2) Clarithromycin

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8
Q

Which types of penicillin are active against most gram positives and negatives, and anaerobes?

A
  • Co-Amoxiclav

- Tazocin

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9
Q

Which cephalosporin is used against Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrheoa?

A

Ceftriaxone

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10
Q

What type of antibiotic are cephalosporins?

A

Beta-lactam

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11
Q

What type of antibiotic are penicillins?

A

Beta-lactam

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12
Q

What type of antibiotic are carbapenems?

A

Beta-lactam

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13
Q

What type of antibiotic are monobactams?

A

Beta-lactam

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14
Q

Name a carbapenem:

A
  • Meropenem

- Imipenem

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15
Q

Name a monobactam:

A

Aztreonam

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of glycopeptides:

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis:

- prevents peptidoglycan incorporation

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17
Q

What makes vancomycin a better antibiotic than penicillin?

A

Vancomycin has a lipid target, whereas Penicillin has a protein target.
Proteins are more variable and more likely to mutate, making antibiotic resistance against penicillin more likely.

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18
Q

What types of bacteria are glycopeptides (ie vancomycin) active against?

A

Most gram positive bacteria

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19
Q

What antibiotic would you use to treat a severe Clostridium difficile infection?

A

Vancomycin

20
Q

Name 2 glycopeptides:

A
  • Vancomycin

- Teicoplanin

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis:

- Inhibit translation by preventing amino acyl tRNA’s from associating with the ribosomes

22
Q

Which antibiotics would you use against MRSA?

A
  • Vancomycin

- Clarithromycin

23
Q

What type of antibiotic is often used against Chlamydia/Acne/Rosacea etc?

A

Tetracycline

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis:

- Bind to 30s ribosome

25
Q

What type of bacteria are aminoglycosides active against?

A

Mostly gram negative

26
Q

Name 2 types of aminoglycosides:

A
  • Nitrofurantoin

- Gentamycin

27
Q

What type of antibiotics would you use against UTIs?

A
  • Nitrofurantoin

- Trimethoprim

28
Q

What are the drawbacks of using gentamycin?

A
  • Narrow therapeutic window
  • Nephrotoxic
  • Ototoxic
29
Q

Which antibiotic is only used for severe gram negative sepsis?

A

Gentamycin

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of macrolides?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis

31
Q

Name 3 macrolides:

A

1) Erythromycin
2) Clarithromycin
3) Azithromycin

32
Q

What type of antibiotic would you use against Legionella pneumophila?

A

Erythromycin

33
Q

What type of antibiotic is often used for skin or upper respiratory tract infections?

A

Macrolides: Erythromycin/Clarithromycin/Azithromycin

34
Q

What is the mechanism of action of quinolones:

A

Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis

- Inhibit DNA gyrase

35
Q

Name a quinolone:

A

Ciprofloxacin

36
Q

What type of bacteria is ciprofloxacin active against?

A

Gram negative bacteria

37
Q

What type of antibiotic prevents folic acid synthesis?

A

Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors

  • Trimethoprim
  • Co-Trimoxazole
38
Q

What are the 2 main classes of antifungals?

A

1) Azoles

2) Polyenes

39
Q

Name 2 types of Azoles:

A
  • Fluconazole
  • Itraconazole
  • Voricanazole
  • Posaconazole
40
Q

What type of antibiotic would you use against Candida albicans?

A
  • Nystatin (topical)

- Fluconazole (oral)

41
Q

Name 2 types of polyenes:

A

1) Nystatin

2) Amphotericin

42
Q

What antibiotic would you use against Chlamydia?

A
  • Azithomycin

- Tetracycline

43
Q

Name the antiviral active against Influenza A + B:

A

Oseltamivir ‘Tamiflu’

44
Q

What is Aciclovir used for?

A
  • Herpes simplex virus (genital herpes, encephalitis)

- Herpes varicella zoster virus (Chickenpox, shingles)

45
Q

Name an antiprotozoal, which is also active against anaerobic bacteria:

A

Metronidazole

46
Q

What is Metronidazole used for?

A
  • Clostridium difficile
  • Bacterial vaginosis
  • Ameobiasis
  • Giardiasis
  • Trichomoniasis
47
Q

Which antibiotic is used against herpes infections? (simplex and varicella zoster)

A

Aciclovir

ESA3 (48 decks)

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