GI 5 - Hernias + Stomach Flashcards
How does an direct inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?
Via Hesselbach’s triangle (weakened conjoint tendon)
How does an indirect inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?
Via Deep inguinal ring
What is the most common abdominal hernia?
Indirect inguinal hernia
Is a male or female more likely to develop an indirect inguinal hernia?
Male 7:1
Why are women more likely to develop a femoral hernia?
Wider hips
Name the 2 types of hiatal hernia’s:
1) Sliding
2) Rolling
What is an incarcerated hernia?
Irreducible hernia, may lead to inflammation and strangulation
What is a strangulated hernia?
Blood supply to herniated organ is disrupted = leads to tissue necrosis
Which is more likely to become incarcerated: Inguinal or femoral hernia? Why?
Femoral hernia
- Femoral canal is a tighter entrance
Name the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle:
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Medial: Lateral border of rectus sheath
Base: Inguinal ligament
Name the branch of the aorta which supplies the stomach:
Coeliac trunk
Name the 3 branches of the Coeliac trunk:
- Splenic artery
- Left gastric artery
- Common Hepatic artery
At which vertebral level does the Coeliac trunk branch from the aorta?
T12
Name the arteries which supply the lesser curve of the stomach:
- Left and Right Gastric arteries
Name the arteries which supply the greater curve of the stomach:
- Left and Right Gastroepiploic arteries
Name the arteries which supply the duodenum:
- Gastroduodenal artery
- Pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Which branch of the coeliac trunk passes posterior to the stomach?
Splenic artery
What are the main 4 functions of the stomach?
1) Food storage
2) Digestion
3) Defence
4) Motility
What is ‘receptive relaxation’?
Relaxation of orad stomach due to stimulation of vagus nerve
- Allows food to enter without increasing intra-gastric pressure to avoid reflux = allows food storage
What is the pH of the stomach?
pH = 1.5-2
NAme some cells lining a gastric gland:
- Stem cells
- Parietal cells
- G cells
- D cells
- Entero-chromaffin-like cells
- Mucous neck cells
- Chief cells
What is the role of chief cells in the stomach? Where are they found primarily?
Secrete pepsinogen
Fundus + Body
In which part of the stomach are endocrine cells primarily found?
Pylorus
What is the role of superficial epithelial cells?
Secrete HCO3-
What is the role of Parietal cells?
Secrete:
- HCl acid
- Intrinsic factor
Which gastric cells secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
Which gastric cells secrete HCl acid?
Parietal cells
Which gastric cells secrete intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
Which gastric cells secrete Gastrin?
G cells
Which gastric cells sectete somatostatin?
D cells
