GI 5 - Hernias + Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

How does an direct inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?

A

Via Hesselbach’s triangle (weakened conjoint tendon)

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2
Q

How does an indirect inguinal hernia enter the inguinal canal?

A

Via Deep inguinal ring

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3
Q

What is the most common abdominal hernia?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

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4
Q

Is a male or female more likely to develop an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Male 7:1

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5
Q

Why are women more likely to develop a femoral hernia?

A

Wider hips

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6
Q

Name the 2 types of hiatal hernia’s:

A

1) Sliding

2) Rolling

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7
Q

What is an incarcerated hernia?

A

Irreducible hernia, may lead to inflammation and strangulation

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8
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

Blood supply to herniated organ is disrupted = leads to tissue necrosis

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9
Q

Which is more likely to become incarcerated: Inguinal or femoral hernia? Why?

A

Femoral hernia

- Femoral canal is a tighter entrance

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10
Q

Name the borders of Hesselbach’s triangle:

A

Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Medial: Lateral border of rectus sheath
Base: Inguinal ligament

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11
Q

Name the branch of the aorta which supplies the stomach:

A

Coeliac trunk

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12
Q

Name the 3 branches of the Coeliac trunk:

A
  • Splenic artery
  • Left gastric artery
  • Common Hepatic artery
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13
Q

At which vertebral level does the Coeliac trunk branch from the aorta?

A

T12

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14
Q

Name the arteries which supply the lesser curve of the stomach:

A
  • Left and Right Gastric arteries
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15
Q

Name the arteries which supply the greater curve of the stomach:

A
  • Left and Right Gastroepiploic arteries
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16
Q

Name the arteries which supply the duodenum:

A
  • Gastroduodenal artery

- Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

17
Q

Which branch of the coeliac trunk passes posterior to the stomach?

A

Splenic artery

18
Q

What are the main 4 functions of the stomach?

A

1) Food storage
2) Digestion
3) Defence
4) Motility

19
Q

What is ‘receptive relaxation’?

A

Relaxation of orad stomach due to stimulation of vagus nerve

- Allows food to enter without increasing intra-gastric pressure to avoid reflux = allows food storage

20
Q

What is the pH of the stomach?

A

pH = 1.5-2

21
Q

NAme some cells lining a gastric gland:

A
  • Stem cells
  • Parietal cells
  • G cells
  • D cells
  • Entero-chromaffin-like cells
  • Mucous neck cells
  • Chief cells
22
Q

What is the role of chief cells in the stomach? Where are they found primarily?

A

Secrete pepsinogen

Fundus + Body

23
Q

In which part of the stomach are endocrine cells primarily found?

A

Pylorus

24
Q

What is the role of superficial epithelial cells?

A

Secrete HCO3-

25
Q

What is the role of Parietal cells?

A

Secrete:

  • HCl acid
  • Intrinsic factor
26
Q

Which gastric cells secrete pepsinogen?

A

Chief cells

27
Q

Which gastric cells secrete HCl acid?

A

Parietal cells

28
Q

Which gastric cells secrete intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

29
Q

Which gastric cells secrete Gastrin?

A

G cells

30
Q

Which gastric cells sectete somatostatin?

A

D cells