UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT CONDITIONS AND INFECTIONS PART 2

Question 1

Self-limiting viral conditions that may last up to 14 days.

Answer 1

colds

Question 2

Colds begin to clear when? they present with what?

Answer 2

colds begin to clear within 3 days
nasal stuffiness and throat irritation

Question 3

List patients that are at risk of deveoping greater risk of complications of colds

Answer 3

malnourished children, the eldery and debilitated patients

Question 4

Secondary bacterial infections of viral rhinitis includes what?

Answer 4

Pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis

Question 5

List the viral rhinitis: general considerations

Answer 5

Limit strenuous activity
Ensure adquate hydration
Advise patients to return to clinic if earache, ternderness or pain over sinuses develops or symptoms persist for >14 days

Question 6

Viral rhinitis drug treatment that relieves dryness, liquefies mucus

Answer 6

0.9% saline (NaCl) nose drops

Question 7

what to use to relief pain and fever when the patient have Viral rhinitis

Answer 7

Paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen=antiyretic analgesics

Question 8

List 6 nasal decogestants

Answer 8

Oxymetazoline
Pseudophedrine
Phenylephrine
Xylometazoline
Local (nasal sprays/nose drops) or systemic preparations)
Sympathomimetic-predict adverse effeccts of systemic preparations

Question 9

Nasal decongestants mecahanism of action

Answer 9

alpha1 agonists: phenylephrine, oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine
Stimulates alpha rec on nasal arterioles, causing constriction, less blood flow, less mucous produced
Not for long term use, could damage the nasal mucosa and cause rebound nasal congestion

Question 10

List the inhaled moisturisers for URIs and allergies

Answer 10

vaporisers, humidifiers and steam inhalants

Question 11

list Inhaled decongestants for URTIs and allergies

Answer 11

Eucalyptus oil, friar’s balsam

Question 12

list Bronchodilators or corticosteroids for URTIs and allergy

Answer 12

multidose inhalers and nebulisers

Question 13

Write the correct combination drugs for URTIs and Allergies

Answer 13

Combination = antihistamines + sympathomimetics + analgesics

Question 14

what is acute bacterial sinusitis?

Answer 14

Bacterial infection of one or more paranasal sinuses that occurs most often after a viral nasal infections or allergic rhinitis

Question 15

List the characteristics of bacterial sinusitis

Answer 15

detorioration of a common cold after 5-7 days
headache
purulent nasal discharge, especially if unilateral
Pain and tenderness over one or more sinuses
Nasal obstruction
Fever

Question 16

True or false
Sinusitis is common is children <5 years of age, as sinuses are not fully developed

Answer 16

false
Uncommon

Question 17

Acute bacterial sinusitis drug treatment, list those drugs

Answer 17

Amoxicillin for 5 days (Pen allergy: azithromycin for 3 days)
AND
Oxymetazoline nose drops (not more than 5 days)
AND/OR
Sodium chloride 0.5% nose drops

For pain and fever
Paracetamol

Question 18

are antibiotics used in URTIs?

Answer 18

Generally not indicated. decision making depends on distinguishing presinting symptoms for specific conditions