Tuberculosis: Treatment and prevention Flashcards
List the Goals for TB treatment
Cure the patient of TB
Prevent transmission of TB to others
Prevent the development of acquired resistance
Prevent relapse
Prevent death from TB or its complication
Explain about combination of therapy under principles of TB treatment
Usually combination tablet
Intensive and continuation hase
Explain about time period under principles of TB treatment
Time period varies until TB bacteria are eradicated in different places
Explain the adherence under principles TB treatment
Counselling sessions
what happen in the intensive phase
Bacilli rapidly eradicated from the sutum (after about 2 weeks of treatment) and clinical improvement from illness
What is happening in continuation phase
Sterilising effect of treatment, eliminates the remaining viable bacilli and prevent subsequent relapse
List drugs that are first line TB treatment
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
Rifampicin
explain the mechanism of action of Isoniazid
Inhibits synthesis of the mycolic acid layer of the mycobacterial cell wall
explain the mechanism of action of ethambutol
Inhibit synthesis of the arabinogalactan layer of the mycobacterial cell wall
explain the mechanism of action of Pyrazinamide
Converted to an acid in the cytoplasm of the mycobacterium, acidify the intracellular environment and compromise the intergity of the cell membrane (only effective in dormant mycobacteria)
Explain the mechanism of action of Rifampicin
Inhibits mycobacterial RNA synthesis by binding to and inhibiting the enzyme RNA polymerase
Which TB drug is bactericidal for intra and extracellular bacteria . sterillising activity
Rifampicin
Which Tb drug is excellent early bactericidal activity
Isoniazid
Which TB drug is bacteriostatic (bactericidal at hight doses)
Ethambutol
Which TB drug is mycobactericidal for intracellular mycobacteria in an acidic medium. most useful during intensive phase
Pyrazinamide
