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PHARMACOLOGY TERM 2 > ASTHMA > Flashcards

ASTHMA Flashcards

1
Q

Differentiates between parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation of the lungs, in relation to the lung.

Autonomic innnervation of the lungs

A

During parasympathetic the M3 receptors become stimulated resulting to bronchoconstriction (constrict in bronchioles smooth muscles)
During sympathetic the B2 receptors become stimulated resulting to bronchodilation (bronchioles smooth muscles relaxes.

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2
Q
  1. Common symptoms of pulmonary dieases
  2. Treatment focuses on what?
  3. name types of obstructive diseaseses
  4. Respiratory diseases maybe due to what?
A
  1. Wheeze, shortness of breath, cough with or without suputum, and chest pains
  2. focuses on underlying diseases or symptoms
  3. COPD and Asthma
  4. Infection or malignancy
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3
Q
  1. Define asthma
  2. how do asthma attacks occur
  3. symptoms of Asthma
  4. Common in children with what?
A
  1. Inflammatory condition recurrent reversible airway obstruction in response to irritant stimuli
  2. Intermittent
  3. Wheezing, shortness of breath, difficult in breathing out (worse at night)
  4. Atopy=allergic asthama
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4
Q

Common triggers of asthma

A

Pets, mould, cleaning materials, tobacco smoke, air pollution

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5
Q

Asthma is characterized by what?

A
  1. Inflamation of the airways
  2. Bronchial hyperectivity
  3. reversible airway obstruction
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6
Q

Name Eliciting agents of immediate phase of asthma

A
  1. Allergens
  2. Non-specific stimulus
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7
Q

Names of cells involved in immediate asthma phase

A

Mast cells and monuclear cells

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8
Q

During immediate phase of asthma the cells secretes which substances

A
  1. Chemokines and chemotaxins
  2. Spasiminogens Histamine, PGD2, CysTL
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9
Q

Chemicals releasesed during immediate phase of asthma result to which physiological change

A

Bronchospams

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10
Q

Bronchospams is usually reversed by which drugs?

A
  1. Theophylline
  2. B2 adrenoceptor agonists
  3. CysTL Receptor antagonists
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11
Q

Explain what happens during late phase of asthma

A

Infiltration of cytokines realising Th2 cells and monocytes and activation of inflammatory cells particulary easinophils

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12
Q

Name four mediators released in late phase of asthma attacks

A
  1. NO
  2. Adenosine
  3. Neuropetides
  4. CysTLs
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13
Q

Name proteins that are released in late phase of asthma

A
  1. Eosinophilic Cationic Protein
  2. Eosinophil major basic Proteins
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14
Q

The proteins that are released in late phase of asthma causes what?

A

Epithelial damage

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15
Q

what happens to the airways late phase of astma

A

Airway inflammationa and airway hyperactivity

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16
Q

Late phase of asthma is inhibited by what?

A

Glucocorticoids

17
Q

PEFR is the indicator of what?

A
  1. ventilate adequacy
  2. airway obstruction
18
Q

List examples of B2 agonists drugs use to treat asthma and classify them according to SABA and LABA

A
  1. SABA: Salbutamol, fenoterol and terbutaline
  2. LABA: Salmeterol and formoterol
19
Q

List Glucorcoticoids drugs

A

Beclomethasone
Budesonide
Fluticasone
All inhlaled

20
Q

M3 receptor antagonist for asthma

A

Ipatropium bromide (inhaled)

21
Q

Xanthines drugs for asthma

A

Theophylline and aminophylline
IV/ORAL

22
Q

drug that antagonise leukotrines

A

Montelukast

23
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of B2 adrenoceptor agonist

A
  1. B2 activation causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles
  2. Clearing of mucus using cilia
24
Q

SABAs
1. Clinical use/ indication
2. Route of administration
3. Onset
4. Duration of action
5. Maximum effect
6. Salbutamol dosage

A
  1. Acute bronchospasm
  2. Inhaled
  3. 5-15 min
  4. 4-6 hours
  5. 30 minutes
  6. 1-2 puffs prn
25
Q
  1. Instruction usage of SABAs
  2. What to note when comes to SABAs
A
  1. As needed for acute bronchospasm
  2. tolerance may develop to bronchodilator effects with continous use or inappropriate
26
Q

Clinical usage of LABA

A

COPD, Uncontrolled persistent asthma attack combination with steroids, never use alone for asthma

26
Q

Route of administration for LABA and onset of action

A

Inhaled, Onset of action longer than of SABA.

27
Q

which drugs fall under LABA that you should not use for acute attack?

A

Salmeterol

28
Q

Duration of LABA and when to admister LABA

A

8-12 HOURS
Administer twoce daily consistently

29
Q

List the adverse effects of B2 adrenoceptor agonists

A
  1. discolouration of teeths, mouth dryness, taste alteration
  2. Nervousness ( B2 stimulation results to increases of catecholimines in nerve terminals
  3. dizzness, headache, muscle tremor, tachycardia and palpitation (dose related)
30
Q

Caution for B2 adrennoceptor agonists

A
  1. Cardiac arrythmias, IHD, HCF and uncontrolled HT
  2. Pregnancy: delay labour pain, asthma need to be well controlled, inhalled preparation prefered
31
Q

DI of B2 adrenoceptor agonists

A

Non-selective B blockers

PHARMACOLOGY TERM 2 (45 decks)

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