Drugs for oral and dental conditions

Question 1

Brush teeth how many times a day using which toothpaste

Answer 1

Twice a day using fluoride

Question 2

What does fluoride do?

Answer 2

Fluoride is anticariogenic, prevents tooth decay

Question 3

Flossing or interdental cleaning is recommende once daily for?

Answer 3

Flossing or interdental cleaning is recommended once daily in order to reduce the
likelihood of gum disease and tooth decay. The purpose of flossing is to remove debris
and interproximal dental plaque, or plaque that collects between teeth. Plaque not
removed from the teeth may harden into calculus, potentially leading to gingivitis.

Question 4

Oral health maintenance also includes the use of what?

Answer 4

Athletic mouthguard
Denture care
Regular care by oral healthcare professional

Question 5

Fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries by doing what?

Answer 5

Fluoride is effective in preventing dental caries by inhibiting the demineralization of tooth enamel, enhancing the remineralization of enamel, and inhibiting bacterial enzymes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates by cariogenic bacteria

Question 6

Sources of Fluoride includes what?

Answer 6

Fluoridated drinking water
toothpaste
Professional aplied topical fluoride
Oral fluoride

Question 7

Oral health and hygiene practises helps to reduces conditions such as what? name 3

Answer 7

Dental diseases affecting teeth
Periodontal disease
Many chronic diseases, including heart disease and diabetes

Question 8

Name 3 phase of tooth decay

Answer 8

Caries
caries extension
Inflamed pulp with abscess

Question 9

what is meant by dental caries

Answer 9

Transmissible, complex bacterial biofilm disease that creates prolonged periods of low pH in the mouth, resulting in a net mineral loss, and thus destruction of the hard layers, of the teeth.

Question 10

which microorganims causes dental caries

Answer 10

Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacterial species have been long implicated as causal; however, recent evidence using DNA sequencing indicates that a complex biofilm of more than 40 bacterial species has a role in dental caries

Question 11

Symptoms of dental caries

Answer 11

• Tooth sensitivity
• Mild to sharp pain when eating or drinking something sweet, hot, or
  cold
• Visible holes or pits in teeth
• Brown, black, orange, or white staining on tooth surfaces
• Pain on biting
• Toothache

Question 12

what causes dental caries

Answer 12

systematic review of the literature revealed consistent evidence supporting the relationship between the amount of sugars consumed and dental caries development, giving support to the theory that
bacterial fermentation of sugars contributes to the creation of an acidic environment.

Question 13

what other factors contribute to the complex aetiology of dental caries

Answer 13

Host genotypes, microbiomes, lifestyle, and oral hygiene contribute as independent influential factors to the complex aetiology.

Question 14

Acute or chronic suppuration related to teeth, due to infection it is characterised by what?

Answer 14

• Acute, severe, throbbing pain
• Swelling adjacent to the tooth, or on the face
• Pain worsened by tapping on affected teeth
• Restricted mouth opening or difficulty chewing
• Pus collection located around the tooth or at the apex of the root

Question 15

List the initial treatment for dental abscess beffore refferal to dentist

Answer 15

• Amoxicillin + Metronidazole for 5 days
• Severe penicillin allergy
• Azithromycin for 3 days
• Pain: Paracetamol

Question 16

what is periodontal disease?

Answer 16

Infections and inflammation of the gums and bone that surround and support the teeth

Question 17

How to identify the early stage of periodontal disease

Answer 17

Early stage: gingivitis - swollen and red, and sometimes bleeding
gums

Question 18

Which condition is the leading cause of tooth loss

Answer 18

Periodontal disease

Question 19

List stages of gum diseases

Answer 19

1. Healthy gum and tooth
2. Gingivitis
3. Periodontitis
4. Advanced periodontitis

Question 20

Stages where calculus builds up on teeth and gums are inflammed (red)

Answer 20

Gingivitis

Question 21

Inflammation causes gums to separate from tooth, forming pockets. Early to moderate bone loss.
Name of the stage

Answer 21

Periodontitis

Question 22

Severe bone loss, deep pockets. Tooth is in danger of falling out
Name of the stage

Answer 22

Advanced periodontitis