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-Anatomy > Upper limb - Shoulder + back > Flashcards

Upper limb - Shoulder + back Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the anterior wall of the Axilla?

A

Pectoralis Major + Minor

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2
Q

What forms the posterior wall of the axilla?

A

Latissmus Dorsi + teres Major

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3
Q

What forms the medial wall of the axilla?

A

Thoracic wall

Serratus anterior

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4
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the axilla?

A

Intertubular groove of humerus

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5
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A

Axillary artery/nerve
Axillary lymph nodes
Brachial plexus
Biceps Brachi

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6
Q

At what anatomical point does the axillary artery begin?

A

Lateral margin of 1st rib

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7
Q

At what anatomical point does the brachial artery begin?

A

Lower margin of teres major

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8
Q

What nerve roots constitute the Brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

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9
Q

What nerve roots form the upper trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C5-6

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10
Q

What nerve roots form the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C7

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11
Q

What nerve roots form the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?

A

C8-T1

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12
Q

What is Erb’s point?

A

Erb’s point is the convergance of C5+C6 when the form the upper trunk
If damaged this can cause Erb’s palsy

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13
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Injury to the upper trunk of brachial plexus
Results in “waiters tip” of upper limb
Arm is medially rotated, wrist flexed

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14
Q

What muscles are affected in Erb’s palsy

A

Deltoid
Wrist extensors
Elbow flexors

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15
Q

What can cause Erb’s palsy?

A

Hyperextension of head form shoulder

I.e Fall on shoulder, birth injury or iatrogenic

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16
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Injry to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus

Affects intrinisc muscles of hand and ulnar flexors of wrist and fingers

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17
Q

What causes klumpkes palsy?

A

Hyper abduction of the arm

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18
Q

What are the cords od hw brachial plexus?

A

Lateral
Medial
Posterior

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19
Q

What are the branches of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve
Median nerve (lateral root)
Musculocutaneous nerve

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20
Q

What are the bracnhes of the medial cord of the brachial plecus?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm (T1)
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm (C8-T1)
Ulnar nerve

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21
Q

What are the branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

Thoracodorsal
Axillary nerve
Radial nerve
Subscapular nerve

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22
Q

What does the lateral pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis major

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23
Q

What does the medial pectoral nerve supply?

A

Pectoralis muscles

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24
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve suply?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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25
What does teh subscapular nerve supply?
Teres major | Supsacpularis
26
What is the sensory value + nerve of the badge area?
Axillary nerve - C5/6
27
What are the different axillary lymph nodes?
``` Pectoral group Subscapular group Apical group Central group Lateral group ```
28
Where does the upper limb + pectoral girdle articulate ?
Sternocalvicular joint
29
What type of bone is the clavicle?
A long bone
30
What muscles attach to the shaft of the clavicle?
``` Deltoid Trapezius Subclavius Pectoralis major Sternocleidmastoid Sternohyoid ```
31
What is the weakest segment of the clavicle?
Medial + lateral 1/3s
32
What does the scapula articulate with?
Humerus Clavicle Lesser extent, ribs
33
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Shallow saddle (synovial)
34
What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
Synovial plane
35
What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
Synovial ball and socket
36
What is scapulo-humeral rhythm
The 2:1 ration of: 2 degrees occurring at the Shoulder (Glenohumeral) Joint 1 degree occurring at the Scapulo-Thoracic joint
37
What is the scapulothoracic joint?
It is not a true joint, but has movement around a joint axis
38
What muscles cause elevation of the scapula (shrugging)
Levator scapulae Trapezius (upper fibres) Serratus anterior
39
What muscles cause depression of the scapula?
Pectoralis minor Trapezius (inferior fibres) Latissimus dorsi
40
What muscles cause protraction of the scapulae (forward movement like punching/pushing)
Serratus anterior | Pectoralis minor
41
What muscles cause retraction (backward movment of the scapulae)?
Trapezius (middle fibres) | Rhomboids
42
What muscles cause upward rotation (lateral) of the scapulae? (Note, this elevates the glenoid cavity)
Trapezius (Upper + lower fibres) Serratus anterior (lower 5 digitations) Deltoid
43
What causes medial (downward) rotation of the scapulae?
Levator scapulae Rhomboids Pectoralis minor Gravity
44
What is the glenoid labrum?
The rim of cartilage surrounding the socket
45
What is the function of the glenoid labrum?
Deepens the socket to reduce the chance of dislocation
46
Which three rotator cuff muscles attach to the greater tubercle?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatous Teres minor
47
What attach to the lips of the intertubercular sulcus?
Tendons of three muscles Pectoralis major Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi
48
What is the clinical significance of the head of the humerus being larger than the glenoid fossa?
Inherent joint instability
49
What are teh surfaces of the glenohumeral joint covered in?
Hyaline cartilage
50
What are the 4 main ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
Glenohumeral ligament Coracohumeral ligament Transverse ligament Coracoacromial ligament
51
What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?
They strengthen the anterior aspect of the joint capsule
52
What is the function of the coracohumeral ligament?
Strengthens the superior aspect of the joint capsule
53
Where is the transverse humeral ligament found?
Between the Greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
54
What is the function of the transverse humeral ligament?
Holds the tendon of biceps brachi in place
55
Where does the corcaoacromial ligament run between?
The coracoid process of the scapula | The acromium
56
Where does the coracohumeral ligament attach to?
The base of the coracoid process | The greater tubercle of the humerus
57
What forms the coracoacromial arch made up of?
Coracoid Acromial process Coracoacromial ligament
58
What is the function of the coracoacromial arch?
To prevent superior displacement of the humeral head
59
Which part of the shoulder is weakest, why?
Inferior aspect, as no muscles to protect it from dislocation
60
Which bursae communicates with the shoulder joint cavity?
Subscapular
61
What is the role of the subacromial bursa?
Allows free motion and reduces friction between muscle/bone
62
Where is the subscapular bursa found?
Between the subscapular tendon and the scapula
63
Where is the subacromial (deltoid) bursa found?
Inferior to deltoid Inferior to acromion Superoir to supraspinatous tendon Superior to joint capsule
64
What contributes to glenohumeral joint stability?
Rotator cuff muscles Glenoid labrum Ligaments
65
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
Supraspinatous Infraspinatous Teres Minor Subscapularis
66
What movements are generated by the rotator cuff muscles?
Abduction Lateral Rotation Medial Rotation Adduction
67
Where does the subscapularis attach to?
Subscapular fossa on costal surface of scapula | Lesser rubercle of the humerus
68
What is the innervation of the subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
69
What is the function of the subscapularis?
Medially rotates the arm
70
Where does the supraspinatous attach?
Supraspinatous fossa on scapula | Greater tubercle of humerus
71
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?
The suprascapular nerve
72
What is the function of the supraspinatus?
Abducts the arm from 0-15 | Assists deltoid after that to 90
73
Where does the infraspinatus attach?
Infraspinatous fossa of the scapula | Greater tubercle of the humerus
74
What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
75
What is the function of the infraspinatus?
Laterally rotates the arm
76
Where does the Teres minor attach to?
Posterior surface of scapula. adjacent to the lateral border | Greater tubercle of the humerus
77
What is the innervation of the Teres minor
Axillary nerve
78
What is the function of the Teres minor?
Laterally rotates arm
79
Where does the deltoid attach to?
Scapula Clavicle Deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus
80
What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle?
Axillary nerve
81
What is the action of the anterior fibres of the deltoid?
Flexion | Medial rotation at shoulder joint
82
What is the action of the middle fibres of the deltoid?
Abduction at the shoulder joint
83
What is the action of the posterior fibres of the deltoid?
Extension | Lateral rotation at shoulder joint
84
What injury can damage the axillary nerve?
Dislocation due to hyperextension
85
Where does the Axillary nerve provide sensation to?
Lateral upper arm "badge area"
86
What are the attachments of the Teres major?
Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula | Intertubercular groove of humerus
87
What is the innervation of the Teres major?
Lower subscapular nerve
88
What is the function of the Teres major?
Adducts shoulder | Medially rotates arm
89
What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?
``` Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major Deltoid ```
90
What vein is found in the deltopectoral triangle?
Subclavian
91
What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?
The long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
92
What is the action of the superior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula?
Elevate | Lateral rotation
93
What is the action of the middle fibres of the trapezius on the scapula?
Retraction | Lateral rotation
94
What is the action of the inferior fibres of the trapezius on the scapula?
Depression
95
What are the main actions of the Teres Major on the shoulder joint?
Medial rotation | Adduction
96
What are the actions of latissimus dorsi on the shoulder joint?
Extension Adduction Transverse extension
97
What muscles contribute to shoulder flexion?
Anterior deltoid fibres Upper pectoral major fibres Serratus anterior Coracobrachialis
98
What muscles contribute to shoulder extension?
Posterior deltoid fibres Latissimus dorsi Teres Major
99
What muscles contribute towards shoulder adduction?
Lower pectoral major fibres Teres Major Latissimus dorsi Teres Minor
100
What muscles contribute towards shoulder abduction?
Middle deltoid fibres | Supraspinatus
101
What muscles contribute towards medial (or internal) rotation of the shoulder?
``` Subscapularis Lattisimus dorsi Pectoralis major Teres Major Anterior fibres of the deltoid ```
102
What muscles contribute towards lateral (or external) rotation of the shoulder?
Teres minor Infraspinatus Posterior deltoid Lower trapezius fibres

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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