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-Anatomy > H&N 3 > Flashcards

H&N 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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2
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CN III - oculomotor nerve
CN IV - trochlear nerve
CN VI - abducens nerve
CN V1 - trigeminal opthalmic divisions
Opthalmic veins
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3
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A 
Eyeball
Extrinsic ocular muscles
Ligaments supporting the eye
Optic nerve
Branches of opthalmic artery
Lacrimal apparatus
Orbital fat
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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Trigeminal nerve - maxillary division

CNV2

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5
Q

What makes up the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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6
Q

What makes up the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

Iris
Coronary body
Choroid

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7
Q

What makes up the inner sensory layer of the eye?

A

Retina

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8
Q

What are the two fluids in the eye, where are they found?

A

Aqueous humour - anterior segment

Vitreous humour - posterior segment

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9
Q

What part of the eye secretes aqueous humour?

A

Ciliary process

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

A

Parasympathetic via CN III

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11
Q

What is the action of ciliaris muscle?

A

Accommodation

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12
Q

Where is the ciliaris located?

A

Ciliary body

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13
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae

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14
Q

Where is the sphincter pupillae muscle located?

A

Pupillary border of iris

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15
Q

Where is the dilator pupillae located?

A

Radically round iris

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16
Q

What is the action of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Constricts pupil

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17
Q

What is the action of the dilator pupillae?

A

Dilates pupil

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic via CN III

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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20
Q

What are the etrinsic muscle of the eye?

A

The four recti
Superior/inferior obliques
levator palpebrae superioris

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21
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

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22
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

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23
Q

What is the action of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation
Adduction
Intorsion

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24
Q

What is the action of the inferior rectus?

A

Depression
Adduction
Extorsion

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25
What are the actions of the superior oblique?
Depression Abduction Intorsion
26
What are the actions of the inferior oblique?
Elevations Abduction Extorsion
27
What ligaments prevent overabduction/adduction of they eye?
Medial and lateral check ligaments
28
What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?
Connects the lens to muscle
29
What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland?
CN III
30
What bones make up the inner ear?
Malleus Incus Stapes
31
What joints are found between the ossicles?
mini-synovial
32
Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
Malleus
33
Which ossicle is in contact with the ocal window?
Stapes
34
What two muscles are related to the ossicles?
Tensor tympani | Stapedius
35
What is the action of the stapedius?
Limits movement - limits vibration of the ossicle chain
36
What is the action of the tensor tympani?
Tenses eardrum (pulls medially)
37
What two areas does the middle ear communicate with?
Nasopharynx | Mastoid processes
38
What is the fluid in the bony labyrinth?
Perilymph
39
What fluid is found in the membranous labyrinth?
Endolymph
40
Through what foramina does the facial nerve leave the posterior cranial fossa?
Internal acoustic | Then stylomastoid foramen
41
What fibres does the chorda tympani carry?
Parasympathetic (secretomotor) to submandibular and sublingual glands Sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue
42
Where do the paratoid lymph nodes drain?
Scalp around parotid gland Lateral parts of eyelids Middle ear
43
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?
A chain around the internal jugular nerve | >Form jugular lymph trunk
44
Where do the jugular lymph trunks drain?
Right - internal jugular/subclavian vein | Left - thoracic duct
45
Where do the buccal lymph nodes drain?
Cheek region
46
Where do the submental lymph nodes drain?
Anterior tongue tip | Central part of floor of mouth and chin
47
Where do the submandibular lymph nodes drain?
Front of scalp, nose, lips and air sinuses Gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth Submental nodes
48
Where do the mastoid lymph nodes drain?
Middle scalp | External auditory meatus
49
Where do the occipital lymph nodes drain?
Back of scalp
50
Where do the anterior cervical lymph nodes drain?
Superficial structures of anterior neck
51
Where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain?
Parotid nodes | Angle of mandible
52
Where do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain?
Nasopharynx Auditory tube Upper cervical vertebral column
53
Where do the laryngeal lymph nodes drain?
Larynx/adjacent structures
54
Where do the teacheal lymph nodes drain?
Trachea + thyroid gland
55
What are the three fossae of the skull?
Anterior Middle Posterior
56
What bones make up the pterion?
Temporal Sphenoid Frontal Parietal
57
What passes through the foramina of the anterior plate?
CN 1 - olfactory nerve
58
What passes through the foramen rotundum?
CN V2 - maxillary branch of trigeminal
59
What passes through foramen ovale?
CN V3 - mandibular branch of trigeminal
60
What passes through the foramen spinosum?
Middle meningeal artery
61
What passes through foramen lacerum?
Nothing | Only cartilage makes it up
62
What passes through the carotid canal?
Internal carotid artery
63
What passes through the internal acoustic foramen?
CN VII, facial | CN VIII - vestibulocochlear
64
What passes through the jugular foramen?
Internal jugular vein CN IX - Glossopharyngeal CN X - Vagus CN XI - Accesory
65
What passes through the hypoglossal foramen?
CN XII - hypoglossal nerve
66
What passes through the foramen magnum?
Spinal cord Vertebral arteries Ascending fibres of accessory nerve
67
What membrane gives the extradural haemorrhage its distinctive shape, what is it?
A biconves lens shape | Caused by the dura mater
68
Into which foramen dos the sigmoid sinus lead?
Jugular foramen
69
In which bone is the sella tucica found?
Sphenoid bone
70
What attach to the anterior and posterior clinoid processes?
The tentorium cerebelli
71
What foramen lies anterior the the groove for the cavernous sinus?
Superior orbital sinus
72
What muscles attach to the medial pterygoid plate?
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
73
What bone are thepterygoid muscles a part of?
Sphenoid
74
What are teh advantages of a felxible skull as a neonate?
Childbirth - allows for passage through a smaller birth canal Infancy - allows for rapid brain growth
75
What type of ossification happens in the skull? 1) flat bones 2) irregular bones of base
1) membranous ossification | 2) endochondral
76
When does the anterior fontanelle fuse?
18 months
77
When does the psoterior fontanelle fuse?
2-3 months
78
What are the differences between an adult and neonate skull?
Tympanic membrane lower down in neonate Has unfused fontanelles in a neonate Has two sets of teeth in neonate Styloid and mastoid processes unpronounced in neonates
79
What epithelium lines the tonue?
Keratinised squamous epithelium
80
What is the secretion of the parotid gland, how does it stain?
Predominately serous | Stains strong pink
81
What is the secretion of the submandibular gland, how does it stain?
Mixed | Mixture of strong pink and white
82
What is the secretion of the sublingual gland, how does it stain?
Predominately mucous | Stains white

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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