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-Anatomy > H&N 3 > Flashcards

H&N 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What passes through the optic foramen?

A

Optic nerve

Opthalmic artery

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2
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A 
CN III - oculomotor nerve
CN IV - trochlear nerve
CN VI - abducens nerve
CN V1 - trigeminal opthalmic divisions
Opthalmic veins
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3
Q

What are the main contents of the orbit?

A 
Eyeball
Extrinsic ocular muscles
Ligaments supporting the eye
Optic nerve
Branches of opthalmic artery
Lacrimal apparatus
Orbital fat
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4
Q

What passes through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

Trigeminal nerve - maxillary division

CNV2

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5
Q

What makes up the outer fibrous layer of the eye?

A

Sclera

Cornea

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6
Q

What makes up the middle vascular layer of the eye?

A

Iris
Coronary body
Choroid

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7
Q

What makes up the inner sensory layer of the eye?

A

Retina

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8
Q

What are the two fluids in the eye, where are they found?

A

Aqueous humour - anterior segment

Vitreous humour - posterior segment

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9
Q

What part of the eye secretes aqueous humour?

A

Ciliary process

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10
Q

What is the innervation of the ciliaris muscle?

A

Parasympathetic via CN III

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11
Q

What is the action of ciliaris muscle?

A

Accommodation

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12
Q

Where is the ciliaris located?

A

Ciliary body

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13
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the eye?

A

Ciliaris
Sphincter pupillae
Dilator pupillae

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14
Q

Where is the sphincter pupillae muscle located?

A

Pupillary border of iris

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15
Q

Where is the dilator pupillae located?

A

Radically round iris

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16
Q

What is the action of the sphincter pupillae?

A

Constricts pupil

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17
Q

What is the action of the dilator pupillae?

A

Dilates pupil

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Parasympathetic via CN III

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the dilator pupillae?

A

Sympathetic innervation

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20
Q

What are the etrinsic muscle of the eye?

A

The four recti
Superior/inferior obliques
levator palpebrae superioris

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21
Q

What is the action of the medial rectus?

A

Adduction

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22
Q

What is the action of the lateral rectus?

A

Abduction

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23
Q

What is the action of the superior rectus?

A

Elevation
Adduction
Intorsion

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24
Q

What is the action of the inferior rectus?

A

Depression
Adduction
Extorsion

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25
Q

What are the actions of the superior oblique?

A

Depression
Abduction
Intorsion

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26
Q

What are the actions of the inferior oblique?

A

Elevations
Abduction
Extorsion

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27
Q

What ligaments prevent overabduction/adduction of they eye?

A

Medial and lateral check ligaments

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28
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament of the eye?

A

Connects the lens to muscle

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29
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland?

A

CN III

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30
Q

What bones make up the inner ear?

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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31
Q

What joints are found between the ossicles?

A

mini-synovial

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32
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?

A

Malleus

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33
Q

Which ossicle is in contact with the ocal window?

A

Stapes

34
Q

What two muscles are related to the ossicles?

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

35
Q

What is the action of the stapedius?

A

Limits movement - limits vibration of the ossicle chain

36
Q

What is the action of the tensor tympani?

A

Tenses eardrum (pulls medially)

37
Q

What two areas does the middle ear communicate with?

A

Nasopharynx

Mastoid processes

38
Q

What is the fluid in the bony labyrinth?

A

Perilymph

39
Q

What fluid is found in the membranous labyrinth?

A

Endolymph

40
Q

Through what foramina does the facial nerve leave the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic

Then stylomastoid foramen

41
Q

What fibres does the chorda tympani carry?

A

Parasympathetic (secretomotor) to submandibular and sublingual glands
Sensory (taste) to anterior 2/3 of tongue

42
Q

Where do the paratoid lymph nodes drain?

A

Scalp around parotid gland
Lateral parts of eyelids
Middle ear

43
Q

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?

A

A chain around the internal jugular nerve

>Form jugular lymph trunk

44
Q

Where do the jugular lymph trunks drain?

A

Right - internal jugular/subclavian vein

Left - thoracic duct

45
Q

Where do the buccal lymph nodes drain?

A

Cheek region

46
Q

Where do the submental lymph nodes drain?

A

Anterior tongue tip

Central part of floor of mouth and chin

47
Q

Where do the submandibular lymph nodes drain?

A

Front of scalp, nose, lips and air sinuses
Gums, anterior tongue, floor of mouth
Submental nodes

48
Q

Where do the mastoid lymph nodes drain?

A

Middle scalp

External auditory meatus

49
Q

Where do the occipital lymph nodes drain?

A

Back of scalp

50
Q

Where do the anterior cervical lymph nodes drain?

A

Superficial structures of anterior neck

51
Q

Where do the superficial cervical lymph nodes drain?

A

Parotid nodes

Angle of mandible

52
Q

Where do the retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain?

A

Nasopharynx
Auditory tube
Upper cervical vertebral column

53
Q

Where do the laryngeal lymph nodes drain?

A

Larynx/adjacent structures

54
Q

Where do the teacheal lymph nodes drain?

A

Trachea + thyroid gland

55
Q

What are the three fossae of the skull?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

56
Q

What bones make up the pterion?

A

Temporal
Sphenoid
Frontal
Parietal

57
Q

What passes through the foramina of the anterior plate?

A

CN 1 - olfactory nerve

58
Q

What passes through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2 - maxillary branch of trigeminal

59
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 - mandibular branch of trigeminal

60
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

61
Q

What passes through foramen lacerum?

A

Nothing

Only cartilage makes it up

62
Q

What passes through the carotid canal?

A

Internal carotid artery

63
Q

What passes through the internal acoustic foramen?

A

CN VII, facial

CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

64
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal jugular vein
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal
CN X - Vagus
CN XI - Accesory

65
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal foramen?

A

CN XII - hypoglossal nerve

66
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Spinal cord
Vertebral arteries
Ascending fibres of accessory nerve

67
Q

What membrane gives the extradural haemorrhage its distinctive shape, what is it?

A

A biconves lens shape

Caused by the dura mater

68
Q

Into which foramen dos the sigmoid sinus lead?

A

Jugular foramen

69
Q

In which bone is the sella tucica found?

A

Sphenoid bone

70
Q

What attach to the anterior and posterior clinoid processes?

A

The tentorium cerebelli

71
Q

What foramen lies anterior the the groove for the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior orbital sinus

72
Q

What muscles attach to the medial pterygoid plate?

A

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

73
Q

What bone are thepterygoid muscles a part of?

A

Sphenoid

74
Q

What are teh advantages of a felxible skull as a neonate?

A

Childbirth - allows for passage through a smaller birth canal
Infancy - allows for rapid brain growth

75
Q

What type of ossification happens in the skull?

1) flat bones
2) irregular bones of base

A

1) membranous ossification

2) endochondral

76
Q

When does the anterior fontanelle fuse?

A

18 months

77
Q

When does the psoterior fontanelle fuse?

A

2-3 months

78
Q

What are the differences between an adult and neonate skull?

A

Tympanic membrane lower down in neonate
Has unfused fontanelles in a neonate
Has two sets of teeth in neonate
Styloid and mastoid processes unpronounced in neonates

79
Q

What epithelium lines the tonue?

A

Keratinised squamous epithelium

80
Q

What is the secretion of the parotid gland, how does it stain?

A

Predominately serous

Stains strong pink

81
Q

What is the secretion of the submandibular gland, how does it stain?

A

Mixed

Mixture of strong pink and white

82
Q

What is the secretion of the sublingual gland, how does it stain?

A

Predominately mucous

Stains white

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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