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-Anatomy > Lower limb - thigh > Flashcards

Lower limb - thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Deep

Superficial

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2
Q

What vessels do the lymph nodes follow?

A

Great saphenous –> superficial inguinal

Small saphenous –> popliteal

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3
Q

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A 
Sartorius
Pectineus
The quadriceps
Biceps femoris
Vasta lateralis
Vasta medialis
Vasta intermedialis
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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip?

A

Flexion

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6
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps?

A

Extension of the knee

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7
Q

Where does teh patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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8
Q

What are the main actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation

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9
Q

What are teh actions of sartorius on the knee joint?

A

Flexion

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10
Q

Which muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Gracialis
Pectineus
Obturator externus
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11
Q

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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12
Q

Throught what foramen does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?

A

Obturator canal

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13
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral vessels

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14
Q

What artery is the femoral a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery

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15
Q

What does the femoral artery pass midway between

A

Pubic tubercle

Anterior superior iliac spine

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16
Q

What branches of the femoral artery supply the hamstrings?

A

Inferior gluteal + perforating femoris artery

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17
Q

From what vein does the femoral vein arise?

A

Popliteal

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18
Q

What two veins drain into the femoral vein at the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

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19
Q

What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Quadraceps femoris

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20
Q

What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

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21
Q

What is the lateral boundry of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius muscle

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22
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

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23
Q

What does the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatice femorla vessels

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24
Q

Who is more likely to get a femoral hernia?

A

Women

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25
Q

What is the adductor canal?

A

A passage through the thigh and then through adductor magnus (through the hiatus) for the vessels
Allows passage to the popliteal fossa

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26
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Vastus medius nerve

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27
Q

What are the contents of the adductor canal?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
Vastus medius nerve

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28
Q

What are the two main nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Femoral

Obturator

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29
Q

What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-4

30
Q

What compartment does the femoral nerve innervate?

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

31
Q

What compartment does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

Medial compartment of thigh

32
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral and obturator nerves?

A

L2-4

33
Q

What are the two terminal branches to the sciatic nerve?

A

Common fibular

Tibial

34
Q

What muscles make up the hamstrings?

A

Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis
Biceps femoris

35
Q

What is the action of the hamstrings of the hip joint?

A

Extension

36
Q

What is the action of the hamstrings on the knee joint?

A

Flexion

37
Q

What nerve innervates the hamstrings?

A

Sciatic nerve

38
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

Synovial hinge

39
Q

What movements re possible at the knee?

A

Flexion

Extension

40
Q

What are the articular surfaces of the knee?

A

Medial and lateral condyles of femur
Tibia
Posterior surface of platella

41
Q

What are the main ligaments of the knee?

A

Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament
Anterior cruiciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament

42
Q

Whre does the lateral collateral ligament extend to and from?

A

Lateral epicondyle

Lateral surface of the head of the fibula

43
Q

Where does the medial collateral ligament extend to and from?

A

Medial epicondyle

Medial surface of tibia

44
Q

Which tendon separates the lateral collateral ligament from the lateral miniscus?

A

Popliteal tendon

45
Q

Why is the attachment of the medial miniscus and medial cruciate ligament clinically important?

A

Assocated with medial meniscus tears

46
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents the femur sliding anteriorly

Stops anterior dislocation

47
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

A

Prevents the femur sliding posteriroly

48
Q

What are the main functions of the menisci?

A

Deepen socket ro increase stability

Shock absorption

49
Q

Which muscles cause flexion of the knee?

A

Hamstrings
Gracilis
Sarotrius
Popliteus

50
Q

Which muscles cuase extension of the knee joint?

A

Quadraceps femoris

51
Q

What are the main bursae of the knee joint?

A

Suprapatellar tendon
Prepatellar tendon
Deep infrapatellar
Superficial infrapatella

52
Q

Which bursae communicate with the articular cavity of the knee?

A

Suprapatellar

53
Q

What is the clinical significance of the bursa communnicating with the knee joint?

A

Bursitis can lead to septic arthritis

54
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A 
Fat
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Popliteal lymph nodes
55
Q

What is the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Semimembranosis muscle

56
Q

What is the superior lateral border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

57
Q

What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?

A

Lateral and medial heads of gastronemius

58
Q

What muscles make up the superficial posterior group of the leg?

A

Gastrocnemius

Plantaris

59
Q

What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

60
Q

What is the action of gastrocnemius?

A 
Knee flexion
Ankle flexion (plantar)
61
Q

What is the function of plantaris?

A

Plantar flexion

Knee flexion

62
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior cmopartment of the lower leg?

A

Tibial nerve

63
Q

What branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

64
Q

What muscles make up the deep group of posterior muscles of the leg?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus

65
Q

What nerve accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the food?

A

Tibial nerve

66
Q

What artery accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the foot?

A

Posterior tibial artery

67
Q

What makes up the base of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

68
Q

Where does the semimembranosis muscle originate from?

A

Iscial tuberosity of pelvis

69
Q

Where does the semimembranosis muscle attach?

A

Medial tibial condyle

70
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosis?

A

Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

71
Q

Where does the semitendinosis muscle attach?

A

Medial surface of tibia

72
Q

Where does the biceps femoris attach?

A

Head of fibula

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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