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-Anatomy > Lower limb - thigh > Flashcards

Lower limb - thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main inguinal lymph nodes?

A

Deep

Superficial

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2
Q

What vessels do the lymph nodes follow?

A

Great saphenous –> superficial inguinal

Small saphenous –> popliteal

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3
Q

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A 
Sartorius
Pectineus
The quadriceps
Biceps femoris
Vasta lateralis
Vasta medialis
Vasta intermedialis
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4
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

What is the action of rectus femoris on the hip?

A

Flexion

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6
Q

What is the action of the quadriceps?

A

Extension of the knee

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7
Q

Where does teh patellar ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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8
Q

What are the main actions of sartorius on the hip joint?

A

Flexion
Abduction
Lateral rotation

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9
Q

What are teh actions of sartorius on the knee joint?

A

Flexion

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10
Q

Which muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A 
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Gracialis
Pectineus
Obturator externus
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11
Q

What nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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12
Q

Throught what foramen does the obturator nerve enter the thigh?

A

Obturator canal

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13
Q

What passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

Femoral vessels

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14
Q

What artery is the femoral a continuation of?

A

External iliac artery

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15
Q

What does the femoral artery pass midway between

A

Pubic tubercle

Anterior superior iliac spine

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16
Q

What branches of the femoral artery supply the hamstrings?

A

Inferior gluteal + perforating femoris artery

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17
Q

From what vein does the femoral vein arise?

A

Popliteal

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18
Q

What two veins drain into the femoral vein at the femoral triangle?

A

Profunda femoris vein

Great saphenous vein

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19
Q

What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve?

A

Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Quadraceps femoris

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20
Q

What is the medial boundary of the femoral triangle?

A

Adductor longus

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21
Q

What is the lateral boundry of the femoral triangle?

A

Sartorius muscle

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22
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

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23
Q

What does the femoral sheath contain?

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Lymphatice femorla vessels

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24
Q

Who is more likely to get a femoral hernia?

A

Women

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25
What is the adductor canal?
A passage through the thigh and then through adductor magnus (through the hiatus) for the vessels Allows passage to the popliteal fossa
26
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve Vastus medius nerve
27
What are the contents of the adductor canal?
Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve Vastus medius nerve
28
What are the two main nerves of the lumbar plexus?
Femoral | Obturator
29
What are the nerve roots of the lumbar plexus?
L1-4
30
What compartment does the femoral nerve innervate?
Anterior compartment of the thigh
31
What compartment does the obturator nerve innervate?
Medial compartment of thigh
32
What are the nerve roots of the femoral and obturator nerves?
L2-4
33
What are the two terminal branches to the sciatic nerve?
Common fibular | Tibial
34
What muscles make up the hamstrings?
Semitendinosis Semimembranosis Biceps femoris
35
What is the action of the hamstrings of the hip joint?
Extension
36
What is the action of the hamstrings on the knee joint?
Flexion
37
What nerve innervates the hamstrings?
Sciatic nerve
38
What type of joint is the knee?
Synovial hinge
39
What movements re possible at the knee?
Flexion | Extension
40
What are the articular surfaces of the knee?
Medial and lateral condyles of femur Tibia Posterior surface of platella
41
What are the main ligaments of the knee?
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament Tibial (medial) collateral ligament Anterior cruiciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament
42
Whre does the lateral collateral ligament extend to and from?
Lateral epicondyle | Lateral surface of the head of the fibula
43
Where does the medial collateral ligament extend to and from?
Medial epicondyle | Medial surface of tibia
44
Which tendon separates the lateral collateral ligament from the lateral miniscus?
Popliteal tendon
45
Why is the attachment of the medial miniscus and medial cruciate ligament clinically important?
Assocated with medial meniscus tears
46
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur sliding anteriorly | Stops anterior dislocation
47
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?
Prevents the femur sliding posteriroly
48
What are the main functions of the menisci?
Deepen socket ro increase stability | Shock absorption
49
Which muscles cause flexion of the knee?
Hamstrings Gracilis Sarotrius Popliteus
50
Which muscles cuase extension of the knee joint?
Quadraceps femoris
51
What are the main bursae of the knee joint?
Suprapatellar tendon Prepatellar tendon Deep infrapatellar Superficial infrapatella
52
Which bursae communicate with the articular cavity of the knee?
Suprapatellar
53
What is the clinical significance of the bursa communnicating with the knee joint?
Bursitis can lead to septic arthritis
54
What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
``` Fat Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve Popliteal lymph nodes ```
55
What is the superior medial border of the popliteal fossa?
Semimembranosis muscle
56
What is the superior lateral border of the popliteal fossa?
Biceps femoris
57
What is the inferior border of the popliteal fossa?
Lateral and medial heads of gastronemius
58
What muscles make up the superficial posterior group of the leg?
Gastrocnemius | Plantaris
59
What is the innervation of gastrocnemius?
Tibial nerve
60
What is the action of gastrocnemius?
``` Knee flexion Ankle flexion (plantar) ```
61
What is the function of plantaris?
Plantar flexion | Knee flexion
62
What nerve innervates the posterior cmopartment of the lower leg?
Tibial nerve
63
What branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
Posterior tibial artery
64
What muscles make up the deep group of posterior muscles of the leg?
Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallicus longus
65
What nerve accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the food?
Tibial nerve
66
What artery accompanies the deep posterior tendons as they enter the foot?
Posterior tibial artery
67
What makes up the base of the femoral triangle?
Inguinal ligament
68
Where does the semimembranosis muscle originate from?
Iscial tuberosity of pelvis
69
Where does the semimembranosis muscle attach?
Medial tibial condyle
70
What is the origin of the semitendinosis?
Ischial tuberosity of the pelvis
71
Where does the semitendinosis muscle attach?
Medial surface of tibia
72
Where does the biceps femoris attach?
Head of fibula

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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