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-Anatomy > Resp booklet > Flashcards

Resp booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What skeletal structures form the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

A

T1
Rib 1
Mandible

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2
Q

What skeletal structures form the boundaries of the thoracic outlet?

A

Zygomatic process
Costal cartilage
Rib 11 + 12
T12

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3
Q

What ribs form the costal margin?

A

Ribs 5-10

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4
Q

Which ribs are directly connected to the sternum through costal cartilage?

A

Ribs 2-7

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5
Q

Which ribs are attahed indirectly to the sternum through costal cartilage?

A

Rib 1

Ribs 8-16

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6
Q

What muscle is primarily used for the newborn in breathing?

A

Diaphgram

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7
Q

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

Where brachial plexus, Subclavian artery + vein are compressed

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8
Q

Between which two intercostal muscles is the nuerovascular bundle found?

A

Innermost + internal

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9
Q

What is the superficial intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

External intercostal muscle

Runs superomedially

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10
Q

What is the intermediate intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

Internal intercostal muscles

Runs inferolaterally

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11
Q

What is the deep intercostal muscle called + orientation?

A

Innermost intercostal muscle
External intercostal muscle
Runs superomedially

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12
Q

In what part of the rib is the neurovascular bundle located?

A

Costal groove

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13
Q

Where does the external intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Costochondral junction

Space filled by external intercostal membrane

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14
Q

Where does the internal intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Sternum to posterior side of costal angles

Space filled by internalintercostal membrane

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15
Q

Where does the innermost intercostal muscle end. What completes the space?

A

Fills central half
Filled anteriorly by transversus thoracis muscles
Posteriorly by subcostalis muscles

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16
Q

What are the tributaries of the azygous vein?

A

Posterior intercostal veins
hemiazygous vein
Bronchial veins
Pericardial veins

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17
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain?

A

IVC

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18
Q

What two veins drain into the azygous from the left side of the posterior chest wall?

A

Hemizygous

Accessory hemizygous

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19
Q

What side of the chest wall does the thoracic duct drain?

A

Left side

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20
Q

Where does the right side of the chest wall drain?

A

Right lymphatic duct

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21
Q

What is the dermatome of the sternal angle?

A

C4

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22
Q

What is the dermatome of the nipple?

A

T1

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23
Q

What is the dermatome of the umbilicus?

A

T10

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24
Q

What is the dermatome of the inguinal region?

A

S3/S4

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25
Which cardiac fibrous structure is attached to the central tendon?
IVC
26
To which vertebral bodies are the crura attached?
L1-3 on Right | L1/2 on left
27
Which serous membrane covers the superior surface of diaphgram?
Pleural membrane - parietal layer
28
Which serous membrane covers the inferior surface of the diaphgram?
Parietal layer of peritoneum
29
At what vertebral level is the IVC hiatus?
T8
30
At what vertebral level is the oesphageal hiatus?
T10
31
At what vertebral level is the Aortic hiatus?
T12
32
Other than the main three hiatuses, what other structures transverse the diaphrgam?
Azygous vein Thoracic duct Sympathetic trunk Phrenic + vagus nerves
33
What spinal level causes innervation to the phrenic nerves?
C3-C5
34
What cartilage makes up adam's apple?
Thyroid cartilage
35
What structures form the laryngeal inlet?
Epiglottis Aryepiglotic folds Arygenoid cartilage Coniculate cartilage
36
What type of epithelium lines the cavity of the larynx?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
37
What type of epithelium lines the true vocal cords?
Stratified squamous epithelium
38
Where does the trachea bifuricate?
T4 (sternal angle)
39
How many rings are there to the trachea?
16-20
40
What muscle completes the trachea posteriorly?
Trachialis
41
What is the final keel-shaped cartilage ring at the bifurication of the trachea called?
Carina
42
What nerve lies lateral to the trachea on both sides?
Recurrent laryngela nerve
43
Which of the main bronchi is shorter, wider and more vertical?
The right
44
What is the hilum of the lung?
Where the structures enter/leave the lung
45
What is the root of the lung?
The area that connects the hilum of the lung to the mediastinum
46
What membrane covers the apex of the lung?
Suprapleural membrane
47
Which lung is shorter/broader of the two?
Right (due to liver)
48
What features should you use to "side" a lung?
Cardia notch Number of lobes Horizontal fissure
49
Which bronchi are responsible for the bronchopulmonary segments?
Tertiary
50
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?
Right - 10 | Left 8-9
51
What structures pass through the hilum?
Pulmonary artery Main bronchus Superoplr/inferior pulmonary veins Right side only - eparterial bronchus
52
What structure in the wall determines a bronchus?
Hyaline cartilage
53
Of the hilum structures, which is most posterior?
Main bronchus
54
Of the hilum structures, which is most superior?
Pulmonary artery
55
Of the hilum structures, which is most anterior?
Pulmonary vein - superior
56
Of the hilum structures, which is most inferior?
Inferior pulmonary vein
57
Where in the hilum is the eparterial bronchus located in the right lung?
Above the artery
58
Which layer of pleura enters the fissures of the lung?
Visceral
59
Which pleura lines the structures between the two pleural cavities?
Mediastinal pleura
60
Which pleura plues on the superior surface of the diaphragm?
Diaphragmatic pleura
61
Which pleura lines the inner surfaces of the ribs/sternum?
Costal pleura
62
Which pleura covers the apex of the lungs?
Cervical pleura
63
What is significant of the plueral reflections?
The two membranes are further apart | Useful dor aspiration of fluid
64
What is the innervation of the parietal pleura?
``` Phrenic nerve (mediastinal + diaphragmatic pluera) Rest by intercostal nerves ```
65
How much futher down is the pleura than the base of the lung?
Two ribs further down
66
Which rib does the oblique fissure follow?
6th rib
67
At what level does the horizontal fissure lie?
4th rib

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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