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-Anatomy > Endocrine + renal anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine + renal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Pituitary fossa in the sphenoid bone

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2
Q

How is the optic chiasm related to the pituitary gland?

A

The optic chiasm is immediately superior

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3
Q

Which lobe of the pituitary is bigger?

A

Anterior

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4
Q

Which pituitary lobe manufactures hormones?

A

Anterior

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5
Q

How does the pituiary gland stain?

A

Anterior stains dark

Posterior light

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6
Q

How can you distinguish between the anterior pituitary cells?

A

Acidophilic - stain pink
Basophilic - stain purple
Chromophobic - appear pale

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7
Q

What are the 2 Classes of Acidophils?

A
  1. Somatotrophs

2. Mammotrophs

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8
Q

What are the 3 Classes of Basophils?

A
  1. Corticotrophs
  2. Thyrotrophs
  3. Gonadotrophs
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9
Q

What do somatotrophs produce?

A

somatotrophin

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10
Q

What do mammotrophs produce?

A

Prolactin

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11
Q

What do corticotrophs produce?

A

ACTH

MSH - Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone

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12
Q

What do thyrotophs produce?

A

TSH

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13
Q

What do conadotophs produce?

A

FSH

LH

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14
Q

What is the Arterial Blood Supply to the Pituitary Gland?

A
  1. The Superior Hypophysial Artery (anterior)

2. The Inferior Hypophysial Artery (posterior)

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15
Q

What are the main secretory bodies of the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Neurosecretory Bodies (Herring Bodies)

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16
Q

Where do the hypophysial arteries arise from?

A

Internal carotid artery

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17
Q

What is the course of the superior hypophysial artery?

A

Enters hypothalmus
Breaks into capillaries (hypophysial portal system)
These then supply anterior pituitary gland

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18
Q

How does the hypoathalmus communicate with the Anterior Pituitary?

A

The Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Portal System

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19
Q

How does the Hypothalmus communicate with the Posterior Pituitary?

A

Through the Neurosecretory Cells, via the Infundibulum

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20
Q

How is the pituitary gland drained?

A

Hypophysial veins -> cavernous sinus

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21
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

A

C5-T1

Between thyroid cartilage and 6th tracheal ring

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22
Q

Where is theisthmus related to?

A

2nd to 4th tracheal rings

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23
Q

What strap muscles overlie the thyroid gland?

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

24
Q

What nerves supply the vocal cords?

A

Recurrent laryngeal

Superior laryngeal

25
What Arteries supply the Thyroid?
1. The Superior Thyroid Artery | 2. The Inferior Thyroid Artery
26
Where does the Superior Thyroid Artery arise from?
The External Carotid Artery
27
Where does the Inferior Thyroid Artery arise from?
Subclavian Artery
28
What Veins drain the Thyroid?
1. The Superior Thyroid Vein 2. The Middle Thyroid Vein 3. The Inferior Thyroid Vein
29
Into which veins do the Thyroid Veins drain?
Superior + middle - The Internal Jugular Vein | Inferior - left brachiocephalic
30
What cells line follicles?
Follicular cells
31
What colour does the colloid stain?
Pink
32
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
The Medial part of the Posterior Surface of Each Thyroid Lobe Superior by cricoid cartilage Inferior by inferior poles of thyroid
33
What is the blood supply of the adrenal glands?
Suprarenal arteries >Arise from inferior phrenic artery >Aorta and >Renal arteries
34
Where do the suprarenal veins drain? (left and right)
Left - L. renal vein | Right - IVC
35
What are the 4 Layers which enclose the Kidney? | superficial to deep
1. The Pararenal Fatty Tissue 2. The Renal Fascia 3. The Fatty Renal Capsule 4. The Fibrous Renal Fascia
36
What are the 3 posterior relations of the Kidney?
1. The Diaphragm 2. The Psoas Major 3. The Quadratus Lumborum
37
What are the anterior relations of the right kidney?
``` Adrenal gland Liver Duodenum Right colic flexure Small bowels ```
38
What are the anterior relations of the left kidney?
``` Adrenal glands Stomach Spleen Pancreas Small bowel Left colonic flexure ```
39
What is the nerve supply of the kidneys?
Sympathetic - T12/L1 (coeliac ganglia) | Parasympathetic - vagus
40
What is the lymphatic drainage of the kidney?
Para-aortic nodes
41
Embryologically, what happens to cause: 1) horseshoe kidney? 2) Duplex ureter?
1) inferior pole fusion | 2) Duplication of uteric bud
42
What are the arteries of the kidneys?
``` Apical Anterosuperior Anteroinferior Inferior Posterior ```
43
How does the Left Renal Vein travel to get to the Inferior Vena Cava?
Anterior to the Abdominal Aorta, and so is relatively long
44
How does the Right Renal Artery travel to get to the Right Kidney?
Posterior to the IVC, and so is relatively long
45
What Vein travels up from the Pelvis into the Left Renal Vein?
The Left Gonadal Vein: 1. The Left Testicular Vein if Male 2. The Left Ovarian Vein if Female
46
What muscle does the ureter lie on as it descends?
Psoas major
47
What artery does the ureter cross, where?
Bifurication of the common iliac artery
48
What crosses the ureter in males/females?
Males - vas deferens | Females - Uterine artery
49
What are the three constrictions of the ureter?
Origin Pelvic brim Vesicoureteric junction
50
Where do the ureters enter the bladder?
Trigone
51
Where does the urethra leave the bladder?
Neck
52
Where does the median umbilical ligament ascend to the umbilicus?
From the apex of the bladder
53
What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?
The Urachus of the Hindgut
54
What is the Pelvic Brim?
The area of Bifurcation of the Common Iliac Artery
55
What tissue makes up the ballder?
Transitional | Lined with Stratified Transitional Epithelium
56
What joint is immediately anterior to the bladder?
pubic symphysis
57
What is the advantage of having transitional epithelium?
It can stretch to accommodate fluctuations in Urinary Fluid Volume

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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