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-Anatomy > Cardio booklet > Flashcards

Cardio booklet Flashcards

1
Q

What arteries are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Aortic arch
Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

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2
Q

What veins are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Brachio cephalic vein

Upper half of SVC

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3
Q

What nerves are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

Vagus

Phrenic

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4
Q

What are the three divisions of the superior mediastinum?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

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5
Q

What is found in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus

Thoracic duct

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6
Q

What is found in the posterior mediastinum?

A 
Descending aorta
Oesophagus
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein
Sympathetic chain
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7
Q

What is found in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart
Pericardium
Great vessels

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8
Q

What is the surface marking of the apex of the heart?

A

5th rib intercostal space on left

Mid-clavicular line

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9
Q

What chambers form the anterior surface of the heart?

A

R. Atrium
R. Ventricle
L. Ventricle

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10
Q

Which chambers form the posterior (base) surface of the heart?

A

L. Atrium

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11
Q

What chambers make up the inferior surface of the heart?

A

R. Ventricle

L. Ventricle

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12
Q

What vertebrae is the heart anterior to?

A

T5 to T8

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13
Q

At what level does the aortic arch terminate?

A

T4

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14
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifuricate?

A

L4

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15
Q

At what level do the common iliac arteries bifuricate?

A

L5

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16
Q

What are the three main tributaries to the SVC?

A

Left/right subclavian

Azygous vein

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17
Q

What are the two main tributaries of the inferior vena cava?

A

Left/right common iliac veins

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18
Q

Out of radial and ulnar arteries, which is more superficial?

A

Radial artery

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19
Q

What artery is the dorsal pedis a continuatin of?

A

Anterior tibial artery

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20
Q

Inferior to what does the posterior tibial artery enter the sole of the foot?

A

Medial malleolus

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21
Q

Into what vein does the great saphenous vein drain?

A

Femoral vein

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22
Q

Into what vein does the small saphenous vein drain?

A

Popilteal vein

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23
Q

What are the three layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous
Parietal
Epicardium (viceral layer)

24
Q

What are the three layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

25
What is the endocardium composed of?
Single layer of squamous epithelium
26
What is the myocardium composed of?
Many layers of cardiac muscle
27
What is the epicardium composed of?
Squamous epithelium | Single layer
28
What is the protective role of the fibrous pericardium?
Protects heart from over expansion
29
What is cardiac tamponade?
Where excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity | Impedes hearts ability to contract/expand
30
Which layers of the pericardium are inervated by pain fibres?
Fibrous + partiertal pericardium
31
Where does the visceral pericardium recieve innervation from?
Autonomic innervation from T1-T4 | Vagus
32
Where does the Fibrous + partiertal pericardium recieve innervation from?
Phrenic nerve
33
What does the left atrium lie anterior to?
Oesophagus
34
Which chamber forms the apex of the heart?
Left ventricle
35
What is the fossa ovalis a remnant of?
Foramen ovale
36
What was the function of the foramen ovale?
To shunt blood from one side of the heart to the other to bypass pulmonary circulation
37
What is the function of the moderator band (septomarginal trabeculum)
Transfers electrical signals to papillary muscles
38
How many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle?
Three
39
What is the function of the chordae tendineae?
Stop inversion of the valve
40
What veins drain the heart?
Cardiac veins | Drain into coronary sinus (feeds to right atrium)
41
From where do the coronary arteries arise?
Ascending aorta
42
Which pair of arteries anastomose in the interventricular sulcus?
Anterior interventricular artery | Posterior interventricular artery
43
What areas does the right coronary artery supply?
Right atrium Right ventricle AV node + bundle SA node
44
What areas does the left coronary artery supply?
Both ventricles + interventricular system Left atrium Sino atrial nodes
45
Where is the great cardiac vein located?
Inside the anterior interventricular groove | Lies alongside the anterior interventricular artery
46
Where is the middle cardia vein located?
Lies in the posterior cardiac groove | Lies alongside the posterior interventricular artery
47
Where is the small cardiac vein found?
On the right, inferior margin of the heart | Alongside marginal artery
48
Where is the coronary sinus found?
Posterir surface of heart in the coronary sulcus | Alongside circumflex artery
49
What are the venae cordis minimae?
Small veins that drain the heart wall directly into each chamber of the heart
50
Where is the SAN found?
Near the opening of the SVC in the right atrium
51
Where is teh AVN found?
Lies in the inferior part of the interatrial septum
52
Where is the bundle of his found?
Lies on each side of the interventricular septum
53
Why is pain felt in the medial part of the left arm during ischaemia?
The dermatome extends medially to arm | T3
54
What type of artery is the aorta/pulmonary trunk?
Conducting | Elastic
55
What type of arteries are the radial/femoral arteries?
Conducting | Muscular
56
What type of arteries are arterioles?
Distributing | Muscular
57
What are the anatomical relations of the heart?
Anterior - sternum and costal cartilage 4-7 >Anterior edges of lungs Thmic remenants Posterior >Oesophagus >Desc aorta >Thoracic vertebrae 5-6 Laterall - lungs/phrenic nerve

-Anatomy (34 decks)

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