Lower limb - Hip Flashcards
What bones make up the hip?
Ischium
Ilium
Pubis
What type of joint is the hip?
Synovial ball and socket
Why is the hip more stable than the shoulder joint?
Deeper socket and less mobile
What is teh acetabular labrum?
A ring of fibrocartilage cartilage that stabilises the head of femur
Covers the acerebulum
What are the three main ligaments of the hip joint?
Iliofemoral ligament
Ishiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyperextension of the hup joint
What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?
Prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint
What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?
Prevesents hyperextension as well
What makes up the articulating surface of the hip joint?
Pelvic acetabulum
Head of femur
What movements can occur at the hip?
Extension Flexion Abduction Adduction Lateral rotation Medial rotation Circumduction
What are the main flexors of the hip?
Illiacous Psoas major Pectinus Rectus femoris Sartorius
What is the chief flexor of the thigh?
Illiacus
Which two muscles make up the ilipsoas muscle?
Illiacus
Psoas major
Where does the iliacus muscule originate?
Iliac fossa of the pelvis
Where does the psoas major and the iliacus attach?
Lesser trochonter of thigh
What is the innervation of the iliacus?
Femoral nerve
What is the innervation of the psoas major?
Anterior rami of L1-L3
What are the main extensors of the hip
Gleutus maximus (stairs, standing from sitting)
Hamstrings
Posterior part of the adductor magnus
What are the main muscles of hip adduction?
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Obturator
What are the main abductors of the hip?
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Deep gluteal muscles: Piriforims Obturator interus Gemelli muscles
What are the main muscles responsible for internal (medial) rotation of the hip?
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae
Which muscles are responsible for external (lateral) rotation of the hip?
Biceps femoris Gluteus maximus Deep gluteal muscles Piriformis Obturator Gemilli Quadratus femoris
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures leaving or entering the pelvis?
Greater sciatic foramen
Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?
Lesser sciatic foramen
What ligaments create the sciatic foramen from sciatic notches?
Posterior sacroiliac ligament
Sacrospinous ligament
Sacrotuberous ligament
What muscles make up the superficial gluteal layer?
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus medius
What muscles make up the deep gluteal leayer?
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris
What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve (l5-S2)
What nerve innervates the gluteus medius?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?
Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
Which two gluteal muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract?
Gluteus maximus
Tensor facia latae
What are the actions of gluteus maximus?
Extension of hip
Lateral rotation of hip
Which nerve innervates the tensor fascia latae?
Superior gluteal nerve
What is the action of gluteus medius?
Abduction of hip
Medial rotation of hip
What is the action of gluteus minimus?
Abduction of hip
Medial rotation of hip
What is the action of tensor fascia latae?
Abduction of hip
Medial rotation of hip
What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?
External rotation of the hip
Anterior to what muscle does the sacral plexus emerge?
Piriformis
What nerve roots make up the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
What are the two main nerves of the sacral plexus?
Sciatic nerve
Pudenal nerve
What are the other branches to the sarcal plexus?
Piriformis nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Quadratus femoris nerve Obturator internus nerve Pudenal nerve (genitals) Levator an and coccygenus nerve
Where does the rectus femoris originate?
Ilium, superior to acetabulum
Where does the rectus femoris attach?
The platella
Where does the sartorius muscle originate?
Anterior superior illiac spine
Where does the sartorius attach?
Superior medial surface of the tibia
Where does the pectineus originate?
Pectineal line of anterior surface of pelvis
Where does the pectineus attach?
Posterior surface of the femur, inferior to lesser trochonter
What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle?
Femoral nerve
Obturator nerve
What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?
Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
What is teh attachment of the gluteus maximus?
Ilitotibial tract
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
