Lower limb - Hip

Question 1

What bones make up the hip?

Answer 1

Ischium
Ilium
Pubis

Question 2

What type of joint is the hip?

Answer 2

Synovial ball and socket

Question 3

Why is the hip more stable than the shoulder joint?

Answer 3

Deeper socket and less mobile

Question 4

What is teh acetabular labrum?

Answer 4

A ring of fibrocartilage cartilage that stabilises the head of femur
Covers the acerebulum

Question 5

What are the three main ligaments of the hip joint?

Answer 5

Iliofemoral ligament
Ishiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

Question 6

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

Answer 6

Prevents hyperextension of the hup joint

Question 7

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

Answer 7

Prevents hyper abduction of the hip joint

Question 8

What is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament?

Answer 8

Prevesents hyperextension as well

Question 9

What makes up the articulating surface of the hip joint?

Answer 9

Pelvic acetabulum

Head of femur

Question 10

What movements can occur at the hip?

Answer 10

Extension
Flexion
Abduction
Adduction
Lateral rotation
Medial rotation
Circumduction

Question 11

What are the main flexors of the hip?

Answer 11

Illiacous
Psoas major
Pectinus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 12

What is the chief flexor of the thigh?

Answer 12

Illiacus

Question 13

Which two muscles make up the ilipsoas muscle?

Answer 13

Illiacus

Psoas major

Question 14

Where does the iliacus muscule originate?

Answer 14

Iliac fossa of the pelvis

Question 15

Where does the psoas major and the iliacus attach?

Answer 15

Lesser trochonter of thigh

Question 16

What is the innervation of the iliacus?

Answer 16

Femoral nerve

Question 17

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

Answer 17

Anterior rami of L1-L3

Question 18

What are the main extensors of the hip

Answer 18

Gleutus maximus (stairs, standing from sitting)
Hamstrings
Posterior part of the adductor magnus

Question 19

What are the main muscles of hip adduction?

Answer 19

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Obturator

Question 20

What are the main abductors of the hip?

Answer 20

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Deep gluteal muscles:
   Piriforims
   Obturator interus
   Gemelli muscles

Question 21

What are the main muscles responsible for internal (medial) rotation of the hip?

Answer 21

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Question 22

Which muscles are responsible for external (lateral) rotation of the hip?

Answer 22

Biceps femoris
Gluteus maximus
Deep gluteal muscles
Piriformis
Obturator
Gemilli
Quadratus femoris

Question 23

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures leaving or entering the pelvis?

Answer 23

Greater sciatic foramen

Question 24

Which sciatic foramen is the route for structures entering or leaving the perineum?

Answer 24

Lesser sciatic foramen

Question 25

What ligaments create the sciatic foramen from sciatic notches?

Answer 25

Posterior sacroiliac ligament Sacrospinous ligament Sacrotuberous ligament

Question 26

What muscles make up the superficial gluteal layer?

Answer 26

Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus medius

Question 27

What muscles make up the deep gluteal leayer?

Answer 27

Piriformis Obturator internus Superior and inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris

Question 28

What nerve innervates the gluteus maximus?

Answer 28

Inferior gluteal nerve (l5-S2)

Question 29

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius?

Answer 29

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Question 30

What nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?

Answer 30

Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Question 31

Which two gluteal muscles are attached to the iliotibial tract?

Answer 31

Gluteus maximus | Tensor facia latae

Question 32

What are the actions of gluteus maximus?

Answer 32

Extension of hip | Lateral rotation of hip

Question 33

Which nerve innervates the tensor fascia latae?

Answer 33

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 34

What is the action of gluteus medius?

Answer 34

Abduction of hip | Medial rotation of hip

Question 35

What is the action of gluteus minimus?

Answer 35

Abduction of hip | Medial rotation of hip

Question 36

What is the action of tensor fascia latae?

Answer 36

Abduction of hip | Medial rotation of hip

Question 37

What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 37

External rotation of the hip

Question 38

Anterior to what muscle does the sacral plexus emerge?

Answer 38

Piriformis

Question 39

What nerve roots make up the sacral plexus?

Answer 39

L4-S4

Question 40

What are the two main nerves of the sacral plexus?

Answer 40

Sciatic nerve | Pudenal nerve

Question 41

What are the other branches to the sarcal plexus?

Answer 41

``` Piriformis nerve Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Quadratus femoris nerve Obturator internus nerve Pudenal nerve (genitals) Levator an and coccygenus nerve ```

Question 42

Where does the rectus femoris originate?

Answer 42

Ilium, superior to acetabulum

Question 43

Where does the rectus femoris attach?

Answer 43

The platella

Question 44

Where does the sartorius muscle originate?

Answer 44

Anterior superior illiac spine

Question 45

Where does the sartorius attach?

Answer 45

Superior medial surface of the tibia

Question 46

Where does the pectineus originate?

Answer 46

Pectineal line of anterior surface of pelvis

Question 47

Where does the pectineus attach?

Answer 47

Posterior surface of the femur, inferior to lesser trochonter

Question 48

What is the innervation of the pectineus muscle?

Answer 48

Femoral nerve | Obturator nerve

Question 49

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 49

Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx

Question 50

What is teh attachment of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 50

Ilitotibial tract | Gluteal tuberosity of femur