Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

-Anatomy > Repro - pelvic anatomy + perneum > Flashcards

Repro - pelvic anatomy + perneum Flashcards

1
Q

What features make up the superior pelvic aperture?

A

Pelvic inlet

Pelvic brim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What constitutes the true pelvis?

A

Lesser pelvis - the “bowl”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What constitutes the false pelvis?

A

The wings of the pelvis (greater pelvis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does the pelvic inlet differ in men/women?

A

Male - heart shaped

Female - oval + rounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the subpubic angles of the different sexes?

A

Female - greater than 90 degrees

Male - less than 90 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do the greater/lesser pelvises differ in the sexes?

A

Female - greater pelvis is shallow
Lesser pelvis wide + shallow

Males greater pelvis is deep
Lesser pelvis is narrow and deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the shape of the obturator foramen in the sexes?

A

Male - round

Female - oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which muscle occupies the lateral pelvic wall?

A

Obturator internus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which muscle is present in the posterior wall of the pelvis?

A

Piriforis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pernieal/anococcygeal bodies?

A

Two fibrous joinings of muscles in midline

Found either side of the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What muscles form the pelvic floor?

A

Coccygeus

Levator ani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are two functions of the pelvic floor

A

Continence

Supports load of viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic floor?

A

Pudenal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a cystoceole?

A

Where bladder buldges into vagina “prolapsed bladder”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a rectocoele?

A

Wall of rectum bulding into vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is the perineal body often damaged in childbirth?

A

Weakest point, so first to tear

Problem because mainly avascular so slow to heal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does an epiotomy minimise long term damage?

A

Stops tearing in central midline, and redirects into the mediolateral plain if needed,
This is more muscular and vascular so heals better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structures can you feel in men/women in a rectal exam?

A

Female - rectouterine pouch (pouch of douglas)

Male - prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What ateries of the pelvis arise from the internal iliac artery?

A 
Superior/inferior vesical arteries
Uterine arteries
Middle + inferior iliac arteries
Vaginal artery (along with branch from uterine artery)
Internal pudenal artery
Obturator artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where do the vesical arteries arise from?

A

Internal iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the uterine artery arise from?

A

Internal iliac artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the gondal arteries arise from?

A

Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where do the superior recotal arteries arise from?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do the inferior/middle rectal arteries arise from?

A

internal iliac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Where do the vaginal arteries arise from?
Uterine artery | Internal iliac
26
Where does the pudenal artery arise from?
Internal iliac artery
27
Where do the obturator arteries arise from?
Internal iliac artery
28
What do the vesical arteries supply?
Bladder Seminal gland Prostate in amles Ureter
29
What do the uterine arteries supply?
Uterus | Ureter
30
What do the gonadal arteries supply?
Testis/ovaries | Branches leading to - ureter, uteric tube (fallopian)
31
What do the rectal arteries supply?
Rectum | Middle/inferior - anal canal
32
What do the vaginal arteries supply?
Vagina | Base of bladder
33
What does the internal pudenal supply?
Pernieum + external genitalia
34
What does the obturator artery supply?
Adducts of medial thigh
35
What veins drain the pelvic region?
``` Internal iliac Superior rectal Median sacral Gonadal Internal vertebral venous plexus ```
36
What parts of the rectum drain into the portal circulation?
Superior
37
What parts of the systemic circulation?
Middle/inferior
38
What is the significance of the rectum draining into the portal circulation?
Haemorrhoids + portacava anastomosis
39
With which venous plexus does the prostatic venous plexus communicate on its posterior side?
Vesical plexus
40
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve originate from?
L1
41
Where does the ilioinguinal nerve supply? How does it get there?
Root of penis/labia (male/female) | Enters through inguinal canal
42
How does the ilioninguinal nerve enter the inguinal canal?
Through the superficial inguinal ring
43
How does the genitofemoral nerve enter the inguinal canal?
Deep inguinal ring
44
What is the origin of the genitofemoral nerve?
L1/2
45
What does the genitofemoral nerve supply in males?
Cremaster muscle | Scrotal skin
46
What is the function o the cremaster muscle?
Part of the cremaster reflex | Pulls testis into scrotum
47
From what segemental levels does the pudenal nerve originate?
S2-4
48
What does the pudenal nerve innervate?
Innervates skin + muscles of perneum
49
What bony landmark does the pudenal nerve cross (palpable transvaginally)?
Ischial spine
50
What nerve is blocked in childbirth for pain relief (especially in instrumental birth)?
Pudenal nerve
51
What sympathetic fibres form the hypogastric plexus?
L1/2
52
What does the hypogastric plexus supply?
``` Sympathetic Vas deferens Seminal vesicles Prostate Epididymis ``` ``` Parasympathetic Errectile tissues (both male and female ) S2-4 ```
53
What nerve plexus supplies the female genital tract?
Pelvic + ovarian plexuses + Pelvic splanchnic nerves | S2-4
54
Why are some men unable to ejaculate after rectal surger?
Hypogastric plexus nerves damaged
55
What are the lymph nodes that drain teh pelvis area?
External + internal iliac nodes Sacral lymph nodes Common iliac lymph nodes
56
What do the external iliac lymph nodes drain?
``` Belwo umbilicus Adductor region of thigh Fundus of bladder Male - penis/prostate Female - Clitorus/cervix/upper vagina ```
57
What do the internal iliac lymph nodes drain?
Gluteal region Deep perineum Inferior pelvic viscera
58
What do the sacral lymph nodes drain?
Rectum | Posterior wall of pelvis
59
What do the common iliac lymph nodes drain?
Drains external, internal iliac nodes + sacral lymph nodes
60
Where is the perineum located?
Inferior to pelvic diaphragm | Most inferior part of the trunk
61
What is found in the perneum?
Both - perineal muscles Anal canal External genitalia (EG) Male EG consists of urethra, scrotum + penis
62
What are the two perineal triangles?
Urogenital | Anal
63
Which triangle is inferior to the pubic symphsys?
Urogenital triangle
64
Which triangle is anteroingerior to the cocyx?
Anal triagnle
65
What is the perineal membrane?
A thin sheet of fascia strecthing from right/left sides of pubic arch Below pubic symphysis
66
What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter?
Pudenal nerve
67
What is the action of the external anal sphincter?
Continence
68
What is the innervation of the bulbospongiosus?
Pudenal nerve (muscular branch)
69
What is the action of the bulbospongiosuis
Empties male urethra
70
What is the innervation of the isciocavernosus?
Muscular branch of pudenal nerve
71
What is the action of the isciocavernosus?
Retards venous drainage + maintains errection of penis/clitorus
72
What is the innervation of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?
Muscular branch of pudenal nerve
73
What is the action of the superficial transverse pernieal muscle?
Strengthens midline tendon of perneum
74
What is the innervation of the deep transverse perineal muscle?
Pudenal nerve muscular branch
75
What is the action of the deep transverse perineal muscle?
Supports pelvic organs
76
What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter?
Pudenal nerve muscular branch
77
What is the action of the external urethral sphincter?
Compresses urethra to maintian urinary contience
78
What muscles converge towards the perineal body?
Levator ani Transverse perineal muscles (duperficial + deep) Bulbospongiousus External anal/urethral sphincters
79
What are the superficial/seep perineal pouches?
Potential spaces transversed by the urehtra | Limited by fascia
80
What is the significance of the perineal pouches?
Can become infiltrated by urine following a traumatic event or surgical injury
81
Where is the external urethral sphincter found?
Deep perineal space
82
Where is the internal urethral sphincter found?
Subperitoneal sphincter
83
Which spincters is voluntary, which involunatry?
External - volunatry | Internal - involuntary
84
Where is the superficial pouch found?
Anteroinferior to urogenital membrane | It surrounds external geniltalia
85
Where is teh deep perineal pouch found?
Surrounding the deep transverse perineal muscle
86
What are the three parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic Spongey (penile) Membranous (some state preprostatic as a fourth)
87
What is the widest part of the male urethra?
Prostatic urethra
88
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
Membranous, as surrounded by sphincter
89
What is the function of the ischioanal canal?
Allowing anal cnaal to expand during defaecation
90
What does the ischioanal canal contain?
Mostly fat | Nuerovascular bundle containing pudenal nerve + internal pudenal artery/nerve
91
Why is the ischioabanal fossa often a site of abscess formation?
Due to its relation to the anal canal
92
What does the inernal pudenal artery suply?
Perineal muscles | Sensory - perineum + genitalia

-Anatomy (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions