H&N booklet Flashcards
1
Q
What are the three parts of the skull?
A
Neuro-cranium
Viscera-cranium (facial skull)
Mandible
2
Q
What joint is between most bones of the skull?
A
Fibrous suture
3
Q
What are the layers of a skull (flat) bone?
A
Compact
Spongey
Compact
4
Q
Where is the occipital protuberance found?
A
Base of occipital bone
5
Q
Where is the mastoid process found?
A
On temporal bone
6
Q
Which two bones make up the zygomatic arch ?
A
Zygomatic bone
Temporal bone
7
Q
Where is the styloid process found?
A
Temporal bone
8
Q
Where are the occipital condyles found?
A
Occipital bone
9
Q
Between which two bones is the saggital suture found?
A
Parietal and parietal
10
Q
Between which two bones is the coronal suture found?
A
Parietal and frontal
11
Q
Between which two bones is the lambdoid suture found?
A
Occipital and parietal
12
Q
What three fossa make up the cranial cavity?
A
Anterior cranial fossa
Middle cranial fossa
Posterior cranial fossa
13
Q
What landforms make up the sphenoid bone?
A
Body
Greater wing
Lesser wing
Pituitary fossa
14
Q
Where are the ear ossicles found?
A
In the petrous part of the temporal bone
15
Q
What are the five layers to scalp?
A
Skin Connective tissue Aponeurosis of occipitofrontal muscle Loose connective tissue Pericranium
16
Q
Where does the scalp extend from and to?
A
Anteriorly from supraorbital margin
Posteriorly to superior nuchal lines
Laterally to zygomatic bone
17
Q
What bone is the superior nuchal line a part of?
A
Occipital
18
Q
What is the action of the occiptofrontal muscle anterior belly?
A
Raising eyebrows
19
Q
What is the dermatome supply to the anterior scalp?
A
Trigeminal nerve CN V
20
Q
What is the dermatome supply to the posterior half of the scalp?
A
Spinal nerves C2 and C3
Both anterior and posterior rami
21
Q
In which layer of the scalp are the blood vessels present?
A
Connective tissue
22
Q
What artery supplies the blood vessels of the scalp?
A
External carotid
23
Q
What is a dipole?
A
Spongey bone separating the compact bone of the skull
24
Q
What is an emissary vein?
A
Valveless veins in the scalp
25
Where does the lymph of the scalp drain?
Into nodes in the head and neck
| No nodes in scalp
26
Where do the muscles of facial expression lie?
In superficial fascia of the face
27
How do muscles of facial expression differ in terms of their attachment to other skeletal muscles?
They connect from connective tissue into skin.
28
Which nerve innervated the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve
| CN VII
29
What landmarks are found eitherside of the stylomastoid foramin?
Styloid + mastoid processes
30
From which foramen does the facial nerve emerge onto the face?
Stylomastoid process
31
What are the three paired salivary glands?
Parotid
Sublingular
Submental
32
What is the anterior boundary of the parotid gland?
Anterior border of sternomastoid muscle
33
What is the superior boundary of the parotid gland?
Superiorly to zygomatic arch
34
What is the inferior boundary of the parotid gland?
Inferiorly extends to angle of mandible
35
What is the posterior boundary of the parotid gland?
Posteriorly extends to anterior to the external auditory meatus
36
Where does the apex the parotid gland lie?
Apex of pyramid lies over the masseter
37
What nerve branches emerge from the partotid gland?
Facial branches:
>Buccal
>Zygomatic
38
Which muscle does the parotid gland pierce?
Buccinator muscle
39
Which muscle does the parotid gland lay superficical to?
Masseter
40
What are the three main structures passing through the parotid?
Facial nerve
External carotid artery
Retromandibular vein
41
Which nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
42
Which structure gives sympathetic innervation to the parotid gland?
Sympathetic cervical ganglia
43
What are the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?
Opthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular
44
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is secretomotory to the parotid gland?
Parasympathetic
45
Which bone does the facial artery wind around to reach the face?
The mandible
46
What muscle lies immediately posterior to the facial artery as it enters the face?
Masseter
47
What major vein does the facial vein drain into?
internal jugular vein
48
What are the compartments of the neck?
Vertebral
Vascular
Visceral
Surrounded by musculofascial collar
49
What is contained in the vertebral compartment of the neck?
Cervical vertebrae and postural muscles
50
What is contained within the vascular copartment of the neck?
Major blood vessels (carotid shealth)
| And vagus nerve
51
What is found in the visceral compartment of the neck?
```
Thyroid + parathyroid glands
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Oesophagus
```
52
What joint is found between the occipital condyles and C1?
Synovial - Condyloid
53
What joint is found between C1 and C2 (adontoid peg)?
Synovial pivot joint
54
What structures pass through the foramen transversarium?
Vertebral arteries
55
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Superior - mandible
Posterior - sternocleidmastoid
Anteriorly - saggital midline
56
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
Anterior - Sternocleidmastoid
Posteriorly - anterior fibres of trapezius
Inferiorly - middle 1/3 of clavicle
57
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Submental
Digastric
Carotid
Muscular
58
what are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
Inferiorly - Hyoid bone
Lateral - Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Medial - Saggital midline
59
What are the boundaries of the digastric triangle?
Superior - Mandible
Anterior - Anterior belly of digastric
Posterior - Posterior belly of diagastric
60
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
Superior - Posterior belly of digastric muscle
Lateral - Medial sterocleidmastoid
Inferior - Superior belly of omohyoid
61
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle (4!)?
Superior - Hyoid
Medial -Saggital Middline
Superio-lateral - Superior belly of omohoid muscle
Inferiro-lateral - Inferior sternocleidmastoid
62
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
Submental lymph nodes
63
What are the contents of the digastric triangle?
Facial artery
| Submandibular salivary gland
64
What are the contents of the Carotid triangle?
```
Hypoglossal nerve
Contents of neurovascular sheath
>Vagus nerve
>Common carotid
>Internal jugular
```
65
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
Strap muscles of the neck
Thyroid
Parathyroid glands
Pharynx
66
What are the bony attachments of the sternocleidmastoid?
Sternum
Clavicle
Mastoid process
67
When the right sternocleidmastoid contracts, which way would the:
1) head tilt?
2) Face turn?
1) Head would tilt towards contracting sternocleidmastoid - right
2) Face would turn away from contracting SCM - left
68
What nerve innervates the SCM and trapezius?
CN XI (found in anterior triangle)
69
On both the left and the right sides, what is the root of the Common carotid artery?
Right - brachiocephalic
| Left - Aortic arch
70
At what level does the Common carotid artery split into the external and internal arteries?
C4
71
Which out of the carotid arteries is most lateral?
Internal carotid
72
What vein does the jugular vein form? Which vein does it merge with?
Merges with subclavian to form brachiocephalic
73
What does the external jugular vein drain?
Scalp and face
74
Where in relation to the SCM does the External jugular vein run?
Superficial
75
Where does the vagus lie within in the vascular sheath?
Middle - between the artery and vein
76
What muscles attach to the hyoid bone?
Suprahyoid muscles
Infrahyoid muscles
Hypoglossus
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
77
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
Myohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric muscle
Stylohyoid muscle
78
What is the innervation of the myohyoid muscle?
Inferior alveolar branch of Mandibular Trigeminal nerve
| CN V3
79
What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?
C1 - runs with hypoglossus
80
What is the innervation of the digastric muscle? (2)
Anterior - Mandibular branch of Trigeminal CN V3
| Posterior - Facial nerve - CNVII
81
What is the innervation of the stylohyoid muscle?
Facial nerve
82
What action do the suprhyoid muscles have?
Elevation of the hyoid bone
| Depression of mandible
83
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
Sternhyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
84
What is the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles
C1-C3
| Except for thyrohyoid which is just C1
85
What are the roots of the cervical plexus?
C1-C5
86
Between what muscles does the cervical plexus arise?
Middle and anterior scalene muscles
87
What is the ansa cervicalis?
Loop of nerves in cervical plexus
Superior - C1
Inferior - C2+C3
88
What are the parts of the thyroid gland?
Right lobe
Left lobe
Isthmus
89
What blood vessels supply the thyroid gland?
Superior + inferior thyroid artery
90
What nerve innervated the mandible?
Inferior alveolar nerve (part of CN V3)
91
How many teeth do children have?
20
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Molars - 8
92
How many teeth do adults have?
```
32
Incisors - 8
Canines - 4
Premolars - 8
Molars - 4 +8
```
93
What type of joint is the TMJ?
Synovial modified hinge
94
What are the articular processes of the TMJ?
Mandibular fossa of temporal bone
| Condylar process of mandible
95
What movements occur at the TMJ?
```
Elevation
Depression
Protrusion
Retraction
Side to side movements
```
