Upper Limb Osteology

Question 1

What bones make up the shoulder?

Answer 1

scapula, clavicle

Question 2

What are the a.k.a.s for the shoulder?

Answer 2

the pectoral girdle, the thoracic girdle

Question 3

The arm bone is called:

Answer 3

humerus

Question 4

The medial forearm bone bone is called:

Answer 4

ulna

Question 5

The lateral forearm bone is called:

Answer 5

radius

Question 6

The bones in the wrist are called:

Answer 6

carpals

Question 7

The bones in the hand are called:

Answer 7

metacarpals

Question 8

The finger bones are called:

Answer 8

phalanges

Question 9

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 9

the skull, vertebral column, sternum, ribs

Question 10

What bone groups make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 10

shoulders, upper limbs, hips, lower limbs

Question 11

What bone(s) connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton?

Answer 11

clavicle

Question 12

Describe the shape of the clavicle

Answer 12

• “S”-shaped (lateral concave anteriorly, medial convex ant.)
• lateral 1/3rd is flattened

Question 13

The end of the clavicle that attaches to the scapula is called:

Answer 13

the acromial end

Question 14

The end of the clavicle that attaches to the manubrium is called:

Answer 14

the sternal end

Question 15

What bones does the scapula connect?

Answer 15

connects the clavicle to the humerus

Question 16

This “tip of the shoulder” projects laterally then anteriorly. Shaped kind of like a mini hockey stick.

Answer 16

acromion

Question 17

This is the bone that projects superoanteriorly on the scapula and feels weird when you poke it

Answer 17

coracoid process

Question 18

This is the part of the scapula where the humerus articulates

Answer 18

the glenoid fossa (cavity)

Question 19

Just above the glenoid cavity on the scapula, the biceps brachii attaches here

Answer 19

the supraglenoid tubercle

Question 20

Just below the glenoid cavity on the scapula, the triceps brachii attaches here

Answer 20

the infraglenoid tubercle

Question 21

What’s the a.k.a. for the lateral border of the scapula?

Answer 21

axillary border

Question 22

What’s the inferior tip of the scapula called?

Answer 22

inferior angle

Question 23

The main anterior surface of the scapula is called ___ and is filled with the muscle ___

Answer 23

subscapular fossa; filled with the muscle subscapularis

Question 24

What’s the a.k.a. for the medial border of the scapula?

Answer 24

vertebral border

Question 25

What’s the superior tip of the main wing of the scapula called?

Answer 25

superior angle

Question 26

Between the coracoid process and the superior border, there is the ___

Answer 26

suprascapular notch

Question 27

On the posterior aspect, the projection that runs in a medial/lateral direction from the medial border of the scapula to the acromion

Answer 27

spine of the scapula

Question 28

The medial end of the spine of the scapula is sometimes referred to as the ___ of the spine

Answer 28

root

Question 29

The main areas of the posterior wing of the scapula are divided (not equally) by the spine into areas called the ___ and ___

Answer 29

supraspinous fossa; infraspinous fossa

Question 30

The a.k.a. for the armpit

Answer 30

axilla

Question 31

What are the five segments of the spine?

Answer 31

-cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Question 32

How many vertebrae does each segment of the spine have?

Answer 32

• cervical has 7 vertebrae
• thoracic: 12
• lumbar: 5
• sacrum: 1 bone (made of 5 fused vertebrae)
• coccyx: 1 bone (made up of 3-5 fused vertebrae – usually 4)

Question 33

What are the available movements of the spine?

Answer 33

• flexion
• extension
• left or right rotation
• left or right lateral flexion or side bending
• when including additional reference points: ipsilateral or contralateral movements

Question 34

This is the extensive fascia in the low back that covers from the 12th rib to the iliac crest; many muscles attach into it

Answer 34

thoracolumbar fascia