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T1 & T2 Anatomy > Skull bones and Facial Muscles > Flashcards

Skull bones and Facial Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

In which bone is the foramen magnum?

A

Occipital bone

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2
Q

What joint does the occipital condyles help form?

A

Atlantooccipital joint

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3
Q

Which mm attach to the superior and inferior nuchal lines?

A

S: upper traps, splenius capitis I: rectus capitis posterior major and minor

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4
Q

At what part of the nose are the nasal bones found?

A

bridge

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5
Q

What goes through the infraorbital foramen of the maxilla?

A

Infraorbital Nerve – Division of cranial nerve 5 (CN5) (Trigeminal nerve)

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6
Q

Where is the ethmoid bone located?

A

roof of the nose between the orbits (separates nasal cavity from the brain)

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7
Q

What’s the ridge of bone projecting superiorly from the ethmoid bone and what attaches there?

A

crista galli; falx ceribri

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8
Q

What does the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone provide passageways for?

A

olfactory nerves (CN1)

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9
Q

This forms the posterior and superior part of the nasal septum:

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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10
Q

What are the sutures of the skull?

A

-coronal suture (between frontal and; parietal) -sagittal suture (between 2 parietals) -bregma (meeting point between the coronal and sagittal bones) (babies have an anterior fontanelle (soft spot) here) -squamous suture (between partietal and temporal bones) -lambdoid suture (occipital, temporal and parietal) -lambda (meeting point of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures) (posterior fontanelle) -pterion (connection between the spenoid, temporal, frontal and parietal bones) (weakest part of the skull due to many articulations)

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11
Q

What are the bones of the eye socket?

A

(cone-shaped cavity) -frontal (roof) -zygomatic (lat. border) -maxilla (floor) -sphenoid (post. wall) -ethmoid (med. border)

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12
Q

What’s the name of the cheek bone?

A

zygomatic bone

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13
Q

What’s the skeleton of the mouth between the nose and eyes called?

A

the maxillae

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14
Q

Where are the sinuses of the facial bones?

A

-frontal (2) -sphenoidal (2) -ethmoidal (2) -maxillary (2)

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15
Q

Nose hairs that remove particulate from air are called:

A

vibrissae

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16
Q

What articulates at the temporomadibular joint?

A

head/condyle of the mandible articulates with the madibular fossa and articular tubercle of the temporal bone

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17
Q

What kind of joint is the temporomandibular?

A

synovial modified hinge

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18
Q

Attached to the TMJ articular disc posteriorly, this helps maintain the proper positioning of the disc:

A

the retrodiscal pad

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19
Q

What are the ligaments of TMJ?

A

-the lateral temporomandibular ligament (thickening of joint capsule laterally) -sylomandibular ligament (sytloid process of temporal bone - angle of mandible) -sphenomandibular ligament (sphenoid - lingula)

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20
Q

What are the available movements of the temporomandibular joint?

A

-depression (opening the mouth) -elevation (closing the mouth) -protraction/protrusion (anterior translation fothe mandible) -retraction/retrusion (posterior translation of the mandible -deviation (movement from side to side)

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21
Q

What are the attachments of temporalis?

A

S: temporal bone (fossa) I: coronoid process and anterior ramus of mandible

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22
Q

What are the actions of temporalis?

A

-elevation of the mandible -retraction of the mandible (more horizontal/posterior fibres)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of the masseter?

A

note: superficial and deep fibres S: inferior border of the zygomatic arch I: angle of the mandible

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24
Q

What are the actions of masseter?

A

-elevation of the mandible (prime mover) -protraction of the mandible (superficial fibres) -retraction of the mandible (from a protracted position)

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25
Q

What gland sits over the mandible?

A

parotid gland

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26
Q

What are the attachments of lateral pterygoid?

A

note: superior and inferior heads A: greater wing of the sphenoid (superior head) and lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid (inferior head) P: neck of the mandible (inferior head), articular disc (superior head)

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27
Q

What are the actions of lateral pterygoid?

A

-protraction of the mandible -translational (anterior/posterior) control of the articular disc (superior head) -depression of the mandible (inferior head) (once translation occurs) -contralateral deviation of the mandible

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28
Q

What are the attachments of medial pterygoid?

A

A: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate I: pterygoid tuberosity (inner surface of the angle of the mandible)

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29
Q

What are the actions of medial pterygoid?

A

-elevation of the maindible -protraction of the mandible -contralateral deviation of the mandible

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30
Q

What are the actions of the hyoids?

A

(hyoid fixed): assist in depression of the mandible

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31
Q

Which muscle actions result in elevation of the mandible?

A

-temporalis -masseter -medial pterygoid -lateral pterygoid (superior head) (eccentric control of disc return)

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32
Q

Which muscle actions result in protraction of the mandible?

A

-masseter (superficial fibres) -lateral pterygoid -medial pterygoid

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33
Q

Which muscle actions result in retraction of the mandible?

A

-temporalis (posterior/horizontal fibres) -masseter (deep fibres)

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34
Q

Which muscle actions result in deviation of the mandible?

A

contralateral pterygoids

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35
Q

Muscles activated in depression of mandible are:

A

-digastric -mylohyoid -geniohyoid -(when translation occurs): lower head of lateral pterygoid

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36
Q

Muscles activated in elevation of mandible are:

A

-masseter -medial pterygoid -temporalis -superior portion of lateral pterygoid

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37
Q

Muscles activated in deviation of mandible are:

A

-contralateral medial pterygoid -contralateral lateral pterygoid

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38
Q

Muscles activated in protraction of mandible are:

A

-medial pterygoid -masseter -lateral pterygoid

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39
Q

Muscles activated in retraction of mandible are:

A

-temporalis -occasionally deep fibres of masseter

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40
Q

What are the attachment points of occipitofrontalis (epicranius)?

A

-occipitalis (2 bellies): superior nuchal line - epicranial aponeurosis -frontalis (2 bellies): skin near the eyebrows - epicranial aponeurosis

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41
Q

What are the actions of occipitofrontalis (epicranius)?

A

-occipitalis anchors the aponeurosis so that the frontalis can pull the eyebrows up (surprise!)

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42
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oculi?

A

-sphincter of the eye - contraction closes the eyelids (squint) -also helps to empty the lacrimal (tear) sac (tearing)

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43
Q

What are the actions of corrugator supercilii?

A

draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially (frown)

44
Q

What are the actions of levator labii superioris?

A

raises upper lip (snarl)

45
Q

What are the actions of levator labii superioris aleque nasi?

A

-raises lip (stank face) -dilates nostrils

46
Q

What are the actions of zygomaticus minor?

A

raises upper lip (elvis)

47
Q

What are the actions of zygomaticus major?

A

draws the angle of the mouth superolaterally (smile)

48
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oris?

A

-sphincter of the mouth -fibres are derived from other muscles -closes the lips (whistle) -protrudes the lips (kissing) -compresses lips against teeth (speaking)

49
Q

What are the actions of mentalis?

A

raises and protrudes lower lip (pout)

50
Q

What are the actions of depressor labii inferioris?

A

draws lip inferiorly and slightly laterally (yikes)

51
Q

What are the actions of depressor anguli oris?

A

depresses the corner of the mouth (sad)

52
Q

What are the actions of buccinator?

A

-compresses cheek against molar teeth when chewing (keeps the food where the teeth can grind it) -helps with whistling

53
Q

What are the actions of platysma?

A

retracts and depresses angle of the mouth (creature from the black lagoon)

54
Q

What are the actions of auricularis anterior?

A

draws ear up and forward

55
Q

What are the actions of auricularis posterior?

A

draws ear back

56
Q

What are the actions of risorius?

A

pulls corners of mouth laterally (george forman)

57
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye and what are their actions?

A

-levator palpebrae superioris: elevates the upper eyelid -rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, lateral): contol the eyeball -oblique muscles (superior, inferior): control the eyeball

58
Q

What are the actions of occipitofrontalis (epicranius)?

A

-occipitalis anchors the aponeurosis so that the frontalis can pull the eyebrows up (surprise!)

59
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oculi?

A

-sphincter of the eye - contraction closes the eyelids (squint) -also helps to empty the lacrimal (tear) sac (tearing)

60
Q

What are the actions of corrugator supercilii?

A

draws eyebrows inferiorly and medially (frown)

61
Q

What are the actions of levator labii superioris?

A

raises upper lip (snarl)

62
Q

What are the actions of levator labii superioris aleque nasi?

A

-raises lip (stank face) -dilates nostrils

63
Q

What are the actions of zygomaticus minor?

A

raises upper lip (elvis)

64
Q

What are the actions of zygomaticus major?

A

draws the angle of the mouth superolaterally (smile)

65
Q

What are the actions of orbicularis oris?

A

-sphincter of the mouth -fibres are derived from other muscles -closes the lips (whistle) -protrudes the lips (kissing) -compresses lips against teeth (speaking)

66
Q

What are the actions of mentalis?

A

raises and protrudes lower lip (pout)

67
Q

What are the actions of depressor labii inferioris?

A

draws lip inferiorly and slightly laterally (yikes)

68
Q

What are the actions of depressor anguli oris?

A

depresses the corner of the mouth (sad)

69
Q

What are the actions of buccinator?

A

-compresses cheek against molar teeth when chewing (keeps the food where the teeth can grind it) -helps with whistling

70
Q

What are the actions of platysma?

A

retracts and depresses angle of the mouth (creature from the black lagoon)

71
Q

What are the actions of auricularis anterior?

A

draws ear up and forward

72
Q

What are the actions of auricularis posterior?

A

draws ear back

73
Q

What are the actions of risorius?

A

pulls corners of mouth laterally (george forman)

74
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the eye and what are their actions?

A

-levator palpebrae superioris: elevates the upper eyelid -rectus muscles (superior, inferior, medial, lateral): contol the eyeball -oblique muscles (superior, inferior): control the eyeball

75
Q

What’s a general description for the cranium and what bones does it consists of?

A

the part of the skull that contains the brain -frontal -occipital -sphenoid -ethmoid -temporal -parietal

76
Q

This is the dome-like superior portion of the cranium

A

calvaria

77
Q

Where is the mandibular notch?

A

superior mandible between the condyle and coronoid process

78
Q

Where is the coronoid process of the mandible and what bone is it closest to in closed-packed position?

A

superior and anterior; closest to zygomatic bone

79
Q

Where is the head of the mandible and where does it articulate?

A

superor and posterior; articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

80
Q

Where are the mental foramen and what passes through it?

A

just lateral to the mental tubercle; mental nerves pass through

81
Q

Where is the mental protuberance?

A

middle of anterior chin

82
Q

Where is the lingula and what attaches to it?

A

around the mandibular foramen; sphenomandibular ligament

83
Q

Where is the mandibular foramen?

A

medial centre of ramus

84
Q

Where is the mandibular canal and what is it a passageway for?

A

medial centre of ramus (opening is mandibular foramen); passageway for inferior alviolar nerve

85
Q

Where is the digastric fossa?

A

posteromedial mandible

86
Q

Where is the mylohyoid line?

A

horizontally across posterior of front part of mandible

87
Q

Where is the pterygoid tuberosity?

A

medial angle of the mandible

88
Q

What does glabella mean?

A

hairless

89
Q

Where is the superciliary arch of the frontal bone?

A

immediately superior to orbits

90
Q

Where is the glabella of the frontal bone?

A

between the superciliary arches (above and between orbits)

91
Q

Where are the supraorbital foramen?

A

just superiomedially to orbits (small and can be sensitive)

92
Q

What does peres mean?

A

wall

93
Q

Where do temporal fascia and temporalis attach on the temporal bone?

A

superior and inferior temporal lines

94
Q

The anterior process of the temporal bone

A

zygomatic process

95
Q

Where is the articular tubercle of the temporal bone?

A

just anterior to the mandibular fossa

96
Q

Where is the mastoid process of the temporal bone?

A

just inferior to the external acoustic meatus

97
Q

What muscle is the styloid process of the temporal bone attached to?

A

attached to the stylohyoid muscle

98
Q

What do malleus, incus and stapes mean?

A

hammer; anvil; stirrup

99
Q

What’s the wedge-shaped bone anterior to the temporal bones?

A

the sphenoid bone

100
Q

What does sella turcica mean?

A

turkish saddle

101
Q

What does the sella turcica house?

A

houses the pituitary gland

102
Q

Where are the pterygoid processes of the sphenoid?

A

medial and lateral plates of inferior processes of the sphenoid bone

103
Q

These form the sockets of maxillary teeth

A

alveolar processes of the maxillae

104
Q

The inferior part of the nostril is made up by the ___ of the maxillae

A

palatine process

105
Q

What are the biomechanics of TMJ?

A

(depression) -beginning to midrange is primarily rotation of head of mandible in mandibular fossa -mid to endrange is primarily translation of head of mandible from fossa onto articular tubercle (of temporal bone) -as translation occurs, the articular disc is pulled anteriorly by the lateral pterygoid to maintain joint surface congruency

T1 & T2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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