Intro to Myology and Arthrology Flashcards
Where 2 or more bones connect (come together) Designed for movement
Joint (Articulation)
Types of Joints
1) Fibrous a) Sutures b) Syndesmosis 2) Cartilaginous 3) Synovial
Joint connected by fibrous tissue
Fibrous Joint
A type of Fibrous Joint
Only occurs in Skull
Limited Movement
Sutures
A type of Fibrous Joint
Bones connected by a sheet of fibrous tissue
Ex. Radius and Ulna
Syndesmosis
Joint connected by cartilage (or a combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue)
Ex. Ribs to Sternum, Intervertebral Disks, Pubic Symphysis
Cartilaginous Joint
Composed of (1) a Joint Cavity, (2) Articular Cartilage, (3) a Joint Capsule.
Most common joint type
Synovial Joint
Space between two articulating surfaces
Joint Cavity
Shiny, whitish connective tissue on the articulating surface of a bone
Protects bone, absorbs shock and allows for movement
No nerves, no blood vessels
Usually Hyaline Cartilage
Articular Cartilage
Surrounds and lines a joint
Produces Synovial Fluid
Joint Capsule
Lubricant for synovial joints that minimizes friction between the two articulating surfaces
Synovial Fluid
Types of Synovial Joints
1) Condyloid (Ellipsoid) 2) Saddle 3) Ball and Socket 4) Plane 5) Pivot 6) Hinge
Biaxial
Flexion/Extension, Abduction/Adduction
Rounded, irregular (longer in one direction than the other) articulating surface in a shallow facet.
Ex. Knuckles
Condyloid (Ellipsoid) Joint
Biaxial
Opposing surfaces shaped like saddles
Ex. Thumb
Saddle Joint
Multiaxial
Rounded (spheroidal) surface that articulates in a cup-like socket
Ex. Hip, Shoulder
Ball and Socket Joint
Most are Uniaxial
Joint surfaces are flat (or almost flat)
Gliding or sliding movement
Ex. Acromioclavicular (Collar bone) Joint
Plane Joint
Uniaxial
Joint in which a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring
Ex. C1-C2
Pivot Joint
Uniaxial (Flexion/Extension)
Joint that is shaped like a hinge
Ex. Humeroulnar (Elbow) Joint
Hinge (Ginglymus) Joint
Joint position in which ligaments and the joint capsule are tight
Maximal articular surface contact
Increased stability, decreased mobility
Close-Packed Joint Position
Joint position in which ligaments and the joint capsule are loose
Maximal joint space
Increased mobility, decreased stability
Loose-Packed Joint Position
Sac or envelopes filled with synovial fluid
Normally flat, unless inflammed
Reduce friction
Located between: tendons and boney projections, tendons and other tendons, bone and overlying skin
Bursa (pl. Bursae)
Connective tissue that runs throughout the body providing structure and support
Fascia
Connects bone to bone
Checks (restricts) a movement, preventing excessive movement.
Ligaments
Connects muscle to bone
Tendons
Where a tendon connects to a muscle
Musculotendious Junction (MTJ)
Where a tendon connect to a bone
Tendoperiosteal Junction
Sheet-like Tendon
Ex. Sole of the foot
Aponeurosis
Tissue that creates, via contraction, movement in the body.
Muscle
Central Portion of a Muscle
Muscle Belly
One of at least 2 extensions of a particular muscle belly that attaches via its own tendon
Muscle Head
Primary muscle causing a desired movement
Agonist (Prime Mover)
Muscle that opposes a specific action
Antagonist
Muscles that stabilize joints proximal to a specific action
Ex. Low back muscles stabilize trunk so that hip flexors and lift the leg
Stabilizers (Fixators)
Muscles that work to assist Agonist (Prime Mover) in a given action
Synargists
Force generated by a muscle is sufficient to overcome resistance
Muscle shortens
Concentric Contraction
Force generated by a muscle is insufficient to overcome resistance
Muscle lengthens
Eccentric Contraction
“Equal Measure”
Force generated by a muscle is equal to resistance
Muscle remains the same length
Isometric Contraction
