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T1 & T2 Anatomy > Nerves & Vasculature > Flashcards

Nerves & Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the Brachial Plexus travel?

A

travels between anterior and middle scalenes, deep to clavicle, deep to pec minor, through axilla to branch out into the arm

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2
Q

The nerves of the arm are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus, which are the:

A
  • musculocutaneous
  • axillary
  • radial
  • median
  • ulnar
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3
Q

What’s Thoracic Outlet Syndrome?

A

dysfunction of the upper arm, shoulder – it doesn’t tell us exactly what is impinged

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4
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, supinator, forearm extensors, snuff box muscles, dorsum of hand

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5
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 1/2 of flexor digitorum profundus, hypothenar muscles, medial lumbricals (3 and 4), adductor pollicis, palmaris brevis, the interossei (all)

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6
Q

What nerve is superficially exposed between the olecranon and medial epicondyle?

A

ulnar nerve (funny bone) (it’s around hook of hamate, so long sustained pressure, FOOSH, etc. can affect it)

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7
Q

What innervates the hypothenar eminence and 3rd-4th lumbricals?

A

ulnar nerve

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8
Q

What’s the only nerve that travels through the carpal tunnel?

A

median nerve

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9
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

(almost all the anterior forearm muscles), wrist and hand, thenar muscles (thenar emminence), lateral lumbricals (1 and 2), lateral FDP

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10
Q

What’s the most common impairment caused by impingement of the median nerve?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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11
Q

What kind of deformity can be caused by injury of median nerve?

A

Ape Hand deformity (loss of opposition where thumb aligns with other digits)

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12
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve travel and what does it supply?

A
  • passes through the coracobrachialis down the arm between the biceps and brachialis muscles
  • biceps brachii, brachialis, coricobrachialis (basically anterior arm)
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13
Q

Where does the axillary nerve travel?

A

passes below the GH joint capsule around the surgical neck of the humerus (under head of humerus) (regimental badge area)

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14
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

supplies deltoid, teres minor, long head of triceps (along with radial nerve)

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15
Q

Which nerve is likely to be injured with dislocation of humerus?

A

axillary nerve

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16
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve supply?

A

serratus anterior (injury might result in scapular winging (this is especially visible during pushup)

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17
Q

What does dorsal scapular nerve supply?

A

levator scapula and rhomboids (with injury, might see protraction of scapula, depression of scapula)

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18
Q

Where does the radial nerve travel?

A

passes along the posterior humerus in the radial groove (deep to triceps) and into the posterior forearm

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19
Q

Where does the median nerve travel?

A

passes down the medial arm (with no branches in the axilla or arm) through the cubital fossa, deep into the forearm, through the carpal tunnel and into the hand

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20
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve travel?

A

passes down the medial arm, through the cubital tunnel (the tunnel formed by the medial epicondyle anteriorly and the olecranon posteriorly), into the anterior forearm (medial side), and into the hand between the pisiform and the hook of the hamate (the tunnel of Guyon)

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21
Q

Generally what is the brachial plexus divided into?

A 
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
branches
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22
Q

Where does the femoral artery start, what does it branch into, and where is it superficially exposed?

A
  • starts around L4 then branches into external and internal iliac arteries
  • superficially exposed around the femoral triangle
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23
Q

The abdominal aorta travels down the midline before splitting into the:

A

left and right common iliac arteries

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24
Q

Where does the popliteal artery start and what does it supply?

A
  • starts at the adductor hiatus

- supplies knee joint

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25
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior tibial arteries start and where do they travel?

A
  • start at the inferior border of the popliteus

- travel anteriorly and posteriorly to the tibia

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26
Q

Which artery passes posteriorly to the medial malleolus and supplies the sole of the foot?

A

posterior tibial artery (palpable pulse behind medial malleolus)

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27
Q

After the anterior tibial artery passes over the ankle joint, it becomes the:

A

dorsalis pedis artery (palpable pulse over navicular)

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28
Q

Where can pulses be palpate in the leg and what arteries are being palpated?

A
  • femoral triangle; femoral artery
  • behind the knee; popliteal artery
  • over the navicular; dorsalis pedis artery
  • behind medial malleolus; posterior tibial artery
29
Q

Which arteries supply the head and neck of the femur?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries and the artery in the ligament of the head of the femur

30
Q

What % of blood volume is in veins

A

60%

31
Q

What are the two main superficial veins of the leg?

A
  • great saphenous vein (most important in lower limb)

- small saphenous vein

32
Q

Where is the lumbar plexus?

A

braiding of nerves embedded in psoas muscle (T12-L4)

33
Q

What does the lumbar plexus supply?

A

psoas

34
Q

What does the lumbar plexus branch into?

A

branches into the femoral and obturator nerve

35
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

supplies iliacus, quadriceps, articularis genus, sartorius, pectineus

36
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

supplies adductors (except posterior fibres of adductor magnus), obturator externus

37
Q

What does the sciatic nerve branch into?

A

-branches into: just above popliteal fossa – common peroneal and tibial nerves in same sheath

38
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve travel?

A
  1. all fibres pass anteriorly to the piriformis through the greater sciatic foramen
  2. common peroneal passes trough the piriformis (tibial anterior to piriformis)
  3. common peroneal passes above the piriformis (tibial anterior to piriformis)
  4. whole sciatic nerve passes through the piriformis
39
Q

What are the two main causes of sciatic nerve problems?

A

lumbar spine disc herniation or piriformis spasm

40
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

supplies: posterior compartments of the leg, plantar intrinsic muscles of the foot

41
Q

Where does the common peroneal nerve travel?

A
  • wraps around the head of the fibula (through the peroneal tunnel)
  • enters the peroneus longus m where it divides into the superficial and deep peroneal nerves
42
Q

Where is the common peroneal nerve palpable?

A

through the peroneal tunnel (around head of fibula)

43
Q

What does the superficial peroneal nerve supply?

A

lateral compartment of hte leg

44
Q

Where does the deep peroneal nerve travel and what does it supply?

A
  • travels down the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane
  • supplies anterior compartment, extensor digitorum brevis
45
Q

What are the most clinically important gluteal nerves?

A

deep gluteal nerves

46
Q

What does the superior gluteal nerve supply?

A

supplies: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, TFL

47
Q

What does the inferior gluteal nerve supply?

A

supplies: gluteus maximus

48
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

supplies: external genitalia, sphincters of the bladder and rectum

49
Q

Where does the subclavian artery travel?

A

travels under the clavicle with the brachial plexus

50
Q

Where does the vertebral artery travel?

A

travels up the transverse foramina of C6-C1, across the atlas, and then turns into the basilar artery

51
Q

Where does the axillary artery travel?

A
  • passes under pec minor

- at the outer border of the 1st rib, the axillary artery becomes the subclavian artery

52
Q

Where does the brachial artery travel?

A
  • starts at the inferior border of teres major

- divides into the ulnar and radial arteries

53
Q

Where does the ulnar artery travel?

A
  • starts at the neck of the radius, then travels down medial forearm
  • in the hand it sends off branches/arches into the hand
54
Q

Where does the radial artery travel?

A
  • starts at the neck of the radius, then travels down lateral forearm
  • in the hand it sends off branches/arches into the hand
55
Q

Where does the common carotid artery branch into internal and external?

A

branches at C4

56
Q

The 2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries merge in the midline to form:

A

the basilar artery

57
Q

What do 2 carotid, 2 vertebral (combined to form basilar artery) ultimately supply?

A

supply brainstem

58
Q

The veins in the hand combine to form the ___ and ___ veins (the 2 main superficial veins in the forearm.

A

basilic; cephalic

59
Q

The ___ ___ vein forms the communication between the basilic and cephalic veins.

A

median cubital

60
Q

The basilic vein becomes the ___ vein at the inferior border of teres major.

A

axillary

61
Q

The axillary vein becomes the ___ vein at the outer border of the 1st rib.

A

subclavian

62
Q

A branch of the femoral nerve that innervates skin on lateral side of leg is called:

A

the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (when impinged, symptoms could be hair loss and feel like bee stings, burning, bugs crawling – this is called meralgia parasthetica) (this could show up in pregnancy clinic)

63
Q

What does mero translate to?

A

thigh

64
Q

What does parasthetical mean?

A

abnormal sensation

65
Q

What’s the aka for axis?

A

fulcrum

66
Q

What’s the force arm (FA)?

A

the distance between the force being applied and the axis

67
Q

What’s the resistance arm (RA)?

A

the distance between the resistance and the axis

68
Q

What are first, second and third class levers?

A

1st: force, axis, resistance (FAR)
2nd: axis, resistance, force (ARF)
3rd: axis, force, resistance (AFR)
(you stay FAR away from dogs [and dogs say ARF] because you’re AFRaid)

T1 & T2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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