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T1 & T2 Anatomy > Thoracic Cage > Flashcards

Thoracic Cage Flashcards

1
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

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2
Q

How many pairs of ribs are there?

A

12 (some people have 11-13 – sometimes an extra cervical or lumbar)

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3
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

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4
Q

The medial superior part of the manubrium is a notch. What’s it called? And what’s the aka?

A

jugular (aka sternal) notch

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5
Q

What are the names of the articular facets on either side of the jugular (aka sternal) notch?

A

clavicular notches

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6
Q

At what age do sternabrae tend to complete fusion?

A

between puberty and 25

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7
Q

At what age does the xiphoid process fuse to the body of the sternum?

A

Around 40

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8
Q

What’s the aka for the body of the sternum?

A

gladiolus (latin for small sword)

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9
Q

What’s the name and two akas for the joint of the manubrium to the body of the sternum?

A

manubriosternal joint aka sternal angle aka angle of Louis

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10
Q

What is the manubriosternal (aka sternal angle aka angle of Louis) a landmark for?

A

rib 2

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11
Q

Along the side of the body of the sternum are costal notches for the articulation of:

A

costal cartilage

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12
Q

Which are the “true” ribs? And why are these “true”?

A

ribs 1-7 because they have a direct connection to the sternum via their own costal cartilage

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13
Q

Which are “false” ribs, and why are they called “false”?

A

ribs 8-12 because they have either have an indirect connection with sternum via 7th rib costal cartilage (8-10) or they don’t connect at all (11 and 12)

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14
Q

Which are floating ribs and why are they called “floating”?

A

ribs 11 and 12 because they are unattached anteriorly

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15
Q

Which are “typical” ribs?

A

ribs 2-10

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16
Q

What makes typical ribs “typical”?

A

they have a head, neck, tubercle and shaft

17
Q

What’s the longest rib?

A

rib 7

18
Q

The head of each rib has a superior and inferior facet. What do they articulate with?

A
  • inferior facet of head of rib articulates with the superior costal facet of the vertebral body of the vertebra with the same number
  • superior facet articulates with the inferior costal facet of the superior vertebra
  • e.g. the superior costal facet on T4 articulates with rib 4
  • e.g. the inferior costal facet on T4 articulates with rib 5
19
Q

Where is the neck of a rib located?

A

between the head and the tubercle

20
Q

Where is the tubercle of the rib and what does it articulate with?

A

located between the neck and shaft of the rib; articulates with the TVP of the vertebra with the same number

21
Q

What directions do ribs travel after they come off the vertebral body?

A
  1. posteriorly
  2. laterally
  3. inferiorly
    …until they get to the rib angle, then travel…
  4. anteriorly
22
Q

What are the parts/surfaces of the shaft of the rib?

A
  • angle

- costal groove (for the costal nerve)

23
Q

Which costal facet on the vertebral body articulates with the rib of the same number?

A

superior costal facet

24
Q

The inferior costal facet on a vertebral body articulates with the head of the superior or inferior rib?

A

inferior rib (e.g. the inferior costal facet on T4 articulates with rib 5)

25
Q

Which are the atypical ribs and which vertebral bodies do they articulate with?

A

ribs 1, 11, 12 – each articulates with the vertebral body with the same number (just articulate with one vertebra)

26
Q

Which is the shortest, broadest and most curved of the ribs?

A

rib 1

27
Q

The anterior part of the 1st rib is the attachment point of a muscle. What’s the muscle and name of the attachment point on the rib?

A

anterior scalene muscle; scalene tubercle

28
Q

There are two grooves for veins in the first rib. What are they called and which is anterior/posterior?

A
  • groove for subclavian artery (anterior)

- groove for subclavian vein (posterior)

29
Q

What factors distinguish ribs 11 and 12 from the others?

A
  • floating ribs
  • small facet on the head of the rib
  • no neck, no tubercle
  • doesn’t make contact with the TVP, just vert body
30
Q

In addition to articulating with numerically corresponding vertebral body, the IVD and the vertebra above, what else do true ribs (1-10) connect with posteriorly?

A

intervertebral disc

31
Q

Which have typical vertebral bodies and what makes them “typical”?

A

vertebra 2-9 because they each have 2 articular facets

  • each articulate with the rib of the same number and the inferior rib
  • each articulates with an IVD
32
Q

Which are atypical ribs and what makes them “atypical”?

A

ribs 1, 11, 12

  • not connected to a disc
  • articulate with numerically corresponding vertebral body only
  • 1 articulates with TVP, but 11 and 12 do not have tubercles and do not articulate with TVPs
33
Q

Which have atypical vertebral bodies and what makes them “atypical”?

A

vertebrae 1, 10, 11, 12

  • T1 has complete superior facet and demi-facet inferiorly
  • T10-12 have only one facet surface on each side
34
Q

What are some distinguishing features of cervical vertebrae?

A
  • uncinate processes (2-7)
  • bifid SPs
  • transverse foramen
  • oblique facet orientation
35
Q

Where does the vertebral artery travel in relation to vertebrae?

A

through transverse foramina of C1-C6

36
Q

What are some distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae?

A
  • two costal demi-facets on the body (per side)
  • costal facets on TVPs
  • SP that points down
  • facet orientation tends to be in the frontal/coronal plane
37
Q

What are some distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae?

A
  • large bodies
  • large SPs projecting horizontally
  • facet orientation tends to be in the sagittal plane
38
Q

What do the superior angle, spine, and inferior angle of the scapula landmark?

A

T2, T3, rib 7

39
Q

Which vertebrae articulate with each other at joints between their bodies and between their articular processes (with facets)?

A

C2-S1

T1 & T2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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