Scapula and Arm muscles, ost, and arth Flashcards
What are the scapular muscles?
- deltoids
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
- teres major
What are the attachment points of deltoid?
MA (anterior head): anterior lateral 1/3rd of clavicle
MA (middle head): lateral acromion
MA (posterior head): spine of the scapula
LA: deltoid tuberosity
What are the actions of deltoid?
(all heads): G-H abduction
(anterior head): G-H medial rotation, flexion, horizontal adduction
(posterior head): G-H lateral rotation, extension, horizontal abduction
Describe the deltopectoral triangle
The divergence of pec major and anterior deltoid form a triangle with the clavicle. It’s where the coracoid process is most palpable. (a.k.a. deltopectoral groove)
What’s the clinical relevance of the deltopectoral triangle?
the cephalic vein lies within and this is also the easiest access point when palpating the coracoid process
What are the rotator cuff muscles?
SITS
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
What are the attachment points of supraspinatus?
MA: supraspinous fossa
LA: superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
What are the actions of supraspinatus?
- abduction
- stabilizes the G-H joint by ‘tucking’ the head of the humerus up into the glenoid fossa
What are the attachment points of infraspinatus?
MA: infraspinous fossa
LA: middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
What are the actions of infraspinatus?
G-H external rotation
What are the attachment points of teres minor?
MA: lateral middle border of the scapula (between triceps and teres major)
LA: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule)
What are the actions of teres minor?
G-H external rotation
What are the attachment points of subscapularis?
MA: supscapular fossa (fills the whole fossa)
LA: lesser tubercle (medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus (also the G-H joint capsule))
What are the actions of subscapularis?
G-H internal rotation
What are the attachment points of teres major?
MA: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
LA: medial lip of the bicipital groove
What are the actions of teres major?
- G-H internal rotation
- G-H extension
- G-H adduction
What are the names and location of the bones of the forearm?
- radius: lateral bone in the forearm
- ulna: medial bone in the forearm
What are the (5) structures of the anterior view of the radius?
- head
- neck
- radial tuberosity
- interosseous border
- styloid process
What are the (2) structures of the pronated view of the radius?
- dorsal tubercle (a.k.a. Lister’s tubercle)
- ulnar notch
What are the (9) structures of anterior view of the ulna?
- olecranon
- trochlear notch
- coronoid process (in full flexion fits into coronoid fossa of humerus)
- radial notch
- ulnar tuberosity
- supinator crest
- interosseous border
- styloid process
- head
What are the relative locations of heads and notches on the radius and ulna?
- head of radius at proximal end; head of ulna at distal end
- ulnar notch (on radius) at distal end; radial notch (on ulna) at proximal end
What are the articulations of the elbow joint?
humeroulnar and humeroradial articulations
Describe the humeroulnar articulation
- anteriorly: the trochlea of the humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna
- posteriorly: the olecranon articulates with the olecranon fossa (in full extension)
Describe the humeroradial articulation
the capitulum articulates with the head of the radius
What type of joint is the elbow?
synovial hinge (very stable)
What are the available movements of the elbow joint?
flexion/extension
What are the collateral ligaments of the elbow, what are their attachment point, and what do they prevent?
- lateral (radial) collateral ligament: lateral epicondyle (of the humerus) and annular ligament of the radius; prevent excessive varus deviation
- medial (ulnar) collateral ligament: medial epicondyle and coronoid process, olecranon process; prevents excessive valgus deviation
Where is the olecranon bursa? What’s inflammation of this bursa known as?
- between the olecranon and overlying skin
- inflammation known as “students’ elbow”
