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T1 & T2 Anatomy > Upper Limb Myology > Flashcards

Upper Limb Myology Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles connect the upper limb to the spine?

A
  • upper/middle/lower trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapula
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2
Q

What are the attachment points of upper trapezius?

A

S: middle 1/3rd of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance (inion) to the C7 SP via the nuchal ligament
Inferior/Lateral: lateral clavicle, acromion

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3
Q

What are the actions of upper trapezius when the head/neck are fixed?

A

S-T elevation

S-T upward rotation

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4
Q

What are the actions of upper trapezius when the scapula is fixed?

A
  • head/neck extension (esp. when bilaterally contracting)
  • head/neck ipsilateral lateral flxion
  • head/neck contralateral rotation
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5
Q

Which two muscles work together to cause upward rotation of the scapula?

A
  • middle trapezius

- lower trapezius

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6
Q

What are the attachment points of middle trapezius?

A
  • medial: C7-T5 SPs

- lateral attachment: superior lip of the spine of the scapula

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7
Q

What’s the action of middle trapezius?

A

S-T retraction

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8
Q

What are the attachments points of lower trapezius?

A
  • medial: T6-T12 SPs

- lateral: medial end of the spine of the scapula (root of spine)

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9
Q

What are the actions of lower trapezius?

A

S-T depression

S-T upward rotation

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10
Q

What’s the widest back muscle?

A

latissimus dorsi

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11
Q

What are the attachment points of latissimus dorsi?

A

inferior/medial: SP T6 - iliac crest, lumbar and sacral vertebrae via the thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 9-12, inferior angle of the scapula (sometimes)
superior/lateral: floor of the bicipital groove

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12
Q

What are the actions of latissimus dorsi?

A

G-H internal rotation
G-H extension
G-H adduction

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13
Q

What are the attachment points of the rhomboids?

A

M: SP C7-T5
L: root of the spine of the scapula to the inferior angle of the scapula

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14
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboids?

A

S-T retraction
S-T downward rotation
S-T elevation
Helps serratus anterior hold the scapula against the ribs

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15
Q

What’s the fibre direction of the rhomboids?

A

inferolateral/superomedial

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16
Q

What are the attachment points of levator scapula?

A

S: TVP C1-4
I: superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula

17
Q

What are the actions of levator scapula when the head/neck are fixed?

A

S-T elevation

S-T downward rotation

18
Q

What are the actions of levator scapula when the scapula is fixed?

A
  • head/neck extension (when bilaterally contracting)
  • head/neck ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • head/neck ipsilateral rotation
19
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
  • subclavius (but I don’t need to know this one yet)
  • serratus anterior
20
Q

What are the two fibre divisions of pectoralis major?

A

upper fibres (clavicular head) and lower fibres (sternocostal head)

21
Q

What are the attachment points of pectoralis major?

A
  • medial attachment (upper fibres): medial 1/2 of the anterior clavicle
  • medial attachment (lower fibres): sternum, anterior costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
  • lateral attachment (both heads): lateral lip of the bicipital groove
22
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A
  • G-H medial rotation
  • G-H adduction
  • G-H horizontal adduction
  • G-H flexion (from deep extension)
  • G-H extension (from deep flexion)
23
Q

What are the attachment points of pectoralis minor

A

S: coracoid process
I: ribs 3-5

24
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis minor?

A
  • S-T protraction
  • S-T depression
  • S-T downward rotation
  • if the scapula is fixed, pectoralis minor helps to elevate the ribs with forced inhalation
25
Q

What’s “tipping scapula”?

A

the inferior angle of the scapula moves posteriorly off the rib cage

26
Q

What are the attachment points of serratus anterior?

A

M: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
L: lateral surfaces of the upper 8 ribs

27
Q

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

A
  • S-T protraction
  • S-T upward rotation (lower fibres onlly)
  • keeps the medial border of the scapula flat against the ribs – if this muscle is weak, a winging scapula can present
28
Q

What’s the fibre direction of upper, mid and lower trapezius?

A

upper: inferolateral; superomedial
mid: medial/lateral
lower: superolateral; inferomedial

29
Q

What are the muscles of the pectoral region?

A
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis mino
  • subclavius
  • serratus anterior
30
Q

What are the divisions of pectoralis major?

A
  • upper fibres (clavicular head)

- lower fibres (sternocostal head)

31
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A
  • medial attachment (upper fibres): medial 1/2 of the anterior clavicle
  • medial attachment (lower fibres): sternum, anterior costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
  • lateral attachment (both heads): lateral lip of the bicipital groove
32
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A
  • G-H medial rotation
  • G-H adduction
  • G-H horizontal adduction
  • G-H flexion (from deep extension)
  • G-H extension (from deep flexion)
33
Q

What are the attachments and actions of pectoralis minor?

A 
S: coracoi process
I: ribs 3-5
action: S-T protraction
action: S-T depression
action: S-T downward rotation
action: if the scapula is fixed, pectoralis minor helps to elevate the ribs with forced inhalation
34
Q

What are the attachments and actions of subclavius?

A

M: 1st rib and its costal cartilage
L: middle 1/3rd of inferior surface of the clavicle
action: anchors, depresses and draws the clavicle medially

35
Q

What are the attachments and actions of serratus anterior?

A

M: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
L: lateral surfaces of the upper 8 ribs
action: S-T protraction
S-T upward rotation (lower fibres only)
keeps medial border of the scapula flat against the ribs - if weak, winging scapula can present

T1 & T2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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