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T1 & T2 Anatomy > Intro to Arthrology > Flashcards

Intro to Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints designed for?

A

Movement

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2
Q

Joints are typically described as one of three ___axial terms. What are they?

A

uniaxial (one axis of movement), biaxial (two axes of movement), multiaxial (multiple axes of movement)

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3
Q

What fibrous tissue only occurs in the skull?

A

sutures

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4
Q

This is a sheet of fibrous tissue that connects some bones, such as those in the forearm in a way that leaves lots of space between the bones and therefore lots of movement

A

syndesmosis

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5
Q

When a joint is connected by cartilage or combination of cartilage and fibrous tissue, it is a ____ joint

A

cartilaginous (e.g. cartilage connects the ribs to breastbone)

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6
Q

The vertebrae are connected by ___ ___ discs

A

fibrocartilagenous intervertebral

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7
Q

What’s the most common type of joint?

A

synovial

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8
Q

What three features do synovial joints have?

A
  • joint cavity
  • articular cartilage
  • joint capsule
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9
Q

What’s a joint cavity?

A

space between the 2 joint surfaces

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10
Q

What are five features of articular cartilage?

A
  • shiny, whitish connective tissue
  • protects underlying bone
  • designed to absorb shock (joint forces), allow movement (smooth surface), and to last (very tough) (it can still be damaged/wear away over time)
  • no nerves, no blood vessels
  • usually hyaline cartilage
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11
Q

What are four features of a joint capsule?

A
  • surrounds and lines the joint
  • does not cover the articular cartilage
  • makes the synovial fluid contained within the joint
  • friction between the 2 joint surfaces is minimized by lubrication from synovial fluid and by the articular cartilage
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12
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  • condyloid (ellipsoid)
  • saddle
  • ball and socket
  • plane
  • pivot
  • hinge (ginglymus)
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13
Q

What are the a.k.a.s of the ligament of head of femur?

A

ligamentum teres, round ligament, foveal ligament

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14
Q

A fibrocartilagenous lip that attaches to the bony rim of the acetabulum and functions to deepen the acetabulum (make the “socket” a deeper socket

A

acetabular labrum

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15
Q

What’s the a.k.a. for the condyloid joint?

A

ellipsoid

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16
Q

How many axes and what movements do the condyloid joint perform?

A
  • biaxial
  • flexion/extension and abduction/adduction (and circumduction)
  • e.g. knuckles
17
Q

How many axes does the saddle joint have, and how would you describe the shape and articulation?

A
  • biaxial
  • opposing surfaces are shaped like saddles
  • concave and convex articulate with each other
  • e.g. thumb
18
Q

What type of join is multiaxial and has a spheroidal surface that articulates with the socket of another surface?

A

ball and socket (e.g. hip)

19
Q

What type of joint performs gliding or sliding movements, has joint surfaces that are flat or almost flat, and is normally uniaxial?

A

plane (e.g. acromioclavicular joint)

20
Q

This type of joint is uniaxial and performs rotation movements in which a rounded process rotates within a sleeve or ring.

A

pivot (e.g. C1-C2; humerus/ulna articulation)

21
Q

This type of joint is uniaxial, and performs flexion and extension only (also name the a.k.a.)

A

hinge, a.k.a. ginglymus

22
Q

What are bursae?

A
  • sacs filled with synovial fluid that decrease the friction generated by the motion of one tissue over another
  • normal bursa are flat
  • singular: bursa
23
Q

Where are bursae located? (3 general locations)

A

between:

  • tendons and bony prominences
  • tendons and other tendons
  • bone and overlying skin
24
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

ligaments (abbr. lig.)

25
Q

What ‘protective’ features did we learn about the function of ligaments?

A

they check/restrict a movement to prevent excessive, potentially injurious, movement

26
Q

When the ligaments and joint capsule are tight; the joint has maximal articular surface contact; and there’s increased stability, decreased mobility; this is ____ position.

A

close-packed

27
Q

How would you describe loose-packed position? (three points)

A
  • the ligaments and joint capsule are loose
  • the joint has maximal space and available movement
  • increased mobility, decreased stability
28
Q

Which ligaments relax during childbirth to allow passage of the fetus?

A

vertebropelvic ligaments and pubic symphysis

29
Q

Where, specifically, does the iliolumbar ligament run, what does it stabilize, and what does it check?

A
  • TVPs (transverse processes) of L4, L5 to posterior iliac crest
  • key stabilizer of L5
  • checks lateral flexion
30
Q

This ligament runs from the posterior surface of the sacrum/coccyx to the ischial tuberosity

A

sacrotuberous ligament

31
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament run?

A

lateral sacrum/coccyx to the ischial spine

T1 & T2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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