Upper Limb 1 Flashcards
Purpose of upper limbs:
Interact with environment (touch, reach, feel, hold, grasp, throw) Balance Communication Momentum Survival (eat, drink)
Regions of the Upper Limb:
Pectoral Girdle (shoulder)
Arm
Forearm
Hands
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
Scapula: bone type
Flat, triangular
Scapula: anatomical location
Posterior to spine
Scapula: articulates with?
Acromion (of scapula) - clavicle
Glenoid cavity/fossa (of scapula) - humerus (lat.)
Scapula: attachment site for?
Many muscles (e.g. pectoralis minor, triceps brachii, biceps brachii)
Clavicle: bone type
Long, s-shaped
Clavicle: anatomical location
Medial to sternum
Clavicle: articulates with?
Lat. end - scapula & acromion
Med. end - sternum
Bones of the arm & forearm
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Humerus: bone type
Long bone
Humerus: anatomical location
Proximal to the scapula
Humerus: articulates with?
Proximal - Glenoid cavity/fossa of scapula
Distal - head of the radius & notch of ulna
Humerus: attachment site for?
Deltoid muscle connects to the deltoid tuberosity (lat. side of the humerus)
Radius: bone type
Long bone
Radius: anatomical location
Lateral of the arm
Radius: articulates with?
Proximal - Humerus & ulna connects to the proximal head of the radius
Distal - carpal bones
Ulna: bone type
Long bone
Radius: attachment site for?
Biceps brachii (radial tuberosity) Supinator, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum superficialis (upper shaft of radius) Extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus, pronator teres (mid shaft of radius)
Ulna: anatomical location
Medial of the arm
Ulna: articulates with?
Proximal - humerus (trochlear notch of ulna)
Distal - radius (head of ulna)
Ulna: attachment site for?
Triceps brachii (proximal end at the olecranon process of the ulna)
Bones of the hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Carpals: location
Wrist
Carpals: how many bones?
8 short bones
2 rows
Carpals: name of joints?
Carpometacarpal joints
Metacarpals: location
Palm of hand
Metacarpals: how many bones?
5 long bones
Metacarpals: name of joints?
Metacarpal-phalangeal joints
Phalanges: how many bones?
Thumb - 2 phalanges
Fingers - 3 phalanges
Overall - 14 per hand
Phalanges: name of joints?
Interphalangeal joints
Pectoral Girdle Joint(s)
Sternoclavicular (SC)
Acromioclavicular (AC)
Shoulder Joint
Glenohumeral
Elbow Joint(s)
Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Forearm Joint(s)
Proximal & distal radio-ulnar
Hand Joint(s)
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal (aka knuckles)
Interphalangeal
Sternoclavicular Joint: anatomical location
Medial
Sternoclavicular Joint: what bones does it connect?
Clavicle -> sternum
Sternoclavicular Joint: structural?
Synovial
Sternoclavicular Joint: functional/movement?
Plane joint - sliding/gliding
Sternoclavicular Joint: purpose?
Brace/supports upper limb movement
Acromioclavicular Joint: anatomical location
Lateral
Acromioclavicular Joint: what bones does it connect?
Acromion (scapula) -> clavicle
Acromioclavicular Joint: structural?
Synovial
Acromioclavicular Joint: functional/movement?
Plane joint - sliding/gliding
Acromioclavicular Joint: purpose?
Stabilizes scapula to allow movement of the upper limb
Glenohumeral Joint: what bones does it connect?
Humerus (head) -> scapula (glenoid fossa)
Glenohumeral Joint: structural?
Synovial
Glenohumeral Joint: functional/movement?
Ball & socket - multiaxial, all movements (F, E, Ab, Ad, Rot)
Glenohumeral Joint: stabilised by?
Joint capsule, ligaments, muscles
Elbow Joint Complex
Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Humeroradial Joint: what bones does it connect?
Humerus (capitulum) -> radius (head)
Humeroulnar Joint: what bones does it connect?
Humerus (trochlear) -> ulna (trochlear notch)
Elbow Joint Complex: structural?
Synovial
Elbow Joint Complex: functional/movements?
Hinge - biaxial, F/E
*med. & lat. ligaments prevent Ab/Ad
Proximal Radioulnar Joint: what bones does it connect
Radius (head) -> ulna (radial notch)
Distal Radioulnar Joint: what bones does it connect?
Radius (ulnar notch) -> ulna (head)
Forearm Joints: structural?
Synovial
Forearm Joints: functional/movements?
Pivot - pronation/supination
Forearm Joints: what holds them together?
Interosseous membrane
Radiocarpal (wrist) Joint: what bones does it connect?
Radius (distal end) -> carpals (proximal row)
Radiocarpal (wrist) Joint: structural?
Synovial
Radiocarpal (wrist) Joint: functional/movements?
Ellipsoid - F/E, Ab/Ad, NO rotation
Radiocarpal (wrist) Joint: purpose?
Movement of the hand in free space
Intercarpal Joint: anatomical location?
Proximal of the palm
Intercarpal Joint: structural?
Synovial
Intercarpal Joint: functional/movements?
Plane joint - sliding/gliding
Intercarpal Joint: purpose?
Allows shape of palm to adjust to finger movement
*limited by inter carpal ligaments
Carpometacarpal Joint: anatomical location?
Distal of the palm
Carpometacarpal Joint: what bones does it connect?
Carpals (distal row) -> metacarpals (bases)
Intercarpal Joint: what bones does it connect?
In between carpals
Carpometacarpal Joint: structural?
Synovial
Carpometacarpal Joint: functional/movements?
Plane joint - sliding/gliding
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: location?
From top of palm to fingers
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: what bones does it connect?
Metacarpal (head) -> proximal phalanx (base)
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: structural?
Synovial
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: functional/movements?
Ellipsoid - F/E, Ab/Ad
Metacarpophalangeal Joint: purpose?
Movement of fingers in space, gripping
Interphalangeal Joints
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
Interphalangeal Joints: structural?
Synovial
Interphalangeal Joints: functional/movements?
Hinge - F/E
Proximal interphalangeal joint: what bones does it connect?
Proximal phalanx (head) -> middle phalanx (base)
Distal interphalangeal joint: what bones does it connect?
Middle phalanx (head) -> distal phalanx (base)
Thumb Interphalangeal Joint: what bones does it connect?
Proximal phalanx -> distal phalanx
*only one interphalangela joint in the thumb because there are only 2 phalanges
1st Carpometacarpal (Joint): location?
Palm to thumb
1st Carpometacarpal (Joint): what bones does it connect?
Carpal (trapezium) -> 1st metacarpal (base)
1st Carpometacarpal (Joint): structural?
Synovial
1st Carpometacarpal (Joint): functional/movements?
Saddle* - F/E, Ab/Ad, Opposition
*concave in one direction, convex in the other