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Anatomy Lab 1-20 > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lower limbs

A 
Support weight of the body
Locomotion
*Gait cycle
Centre of gravity
Line of gravity
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2
Q

Joint structure is always a trade-off between…?

A

Stability & mobility

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3
Q

Regions of the Lower Limb

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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4
Q

Gluteal Region (consists of)

A

Iliac crest -> gluteal fold (buttocks)

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5
Q

Thigh region (consists of)

A

Proximal
Between “groin” (inguinal ligament) & knee joint
Includes hip joint

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6
Q

Leg region (consists of)

A

Distal

Between knee joint & ankle joint

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7
Q

Foot region (consists of)

A 
Distal to ankle joint - makes contact with the ground
Toes (digits)
Great tow (hallucis)
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8
Q

Bones of the Upper Limb

A 
Pelvic bone (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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9
Q

Pelvic bone: what are the 3 fused bones?

A

Ilium (posterior)
Ischium (inferior)
Pubis (anterior)

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10
Q

What part of the pelvic bone does the femur fit?

A

Acetabulum (lateral)

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11
Q

Pelvic bone: attachment site for what muscles?

A

Many muscles (e.g. gluteals (posterior), iliopsoas (anterior), hamstrings (inferior)

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12
Q

Femur bone: bone shape

A

Long bone

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13
Q

Pelvic bone: bone type?

A

Irregular bone

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14
Q

Femur bone: proximal head articulates with?

A

Acetabulum of hip bone

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15
Q

Femur bone: distal medial and lateral condyles articulate with?

A

Tibia (knee joint)

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16
Q

Femur bone: posterior gluteal tuberosity articulates with?

A

Gluteus maximus

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17
Q

Patella bone: bone type

A

Sesamoid bone

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18
Q

Patella bone: anterior region articulates with?

A

Femur (protects anterior aspect of knee joint)

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19
Q

Patella bone: proximal region attaches to?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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20
Q

Patella bone: distal region (patellar ligament) attaches to?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

Tibia bone: anatomical location?

A

Medial of the leg

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22
Q

Tibia bone: bone type

A

Long bone, large (weight bearing)

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23
Q

Tibia bone: proximal region (tibial plateau) articulates with?

A

Femoral condyles (knee joint)

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24
Q

Tibia bone: tibial tuberosity attaches to?

A

Patellar ligament

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25
Q

Tibia bone: distal region (medial malleolus) articulates with?

A

Talus (tarsal bone) (ankle joint)

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26
Q

Fibula bone: anatomical location?

A

Lateral of the leg

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27
Q

Fibula bone: bone type

A

Long bone (non-weight-bearing) (not part of knee joint - doesn’t articulate with femur)

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28
Q

Fibula bone: proximal region (head) articulates with?

A

Tibia

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29
Q

Fibula bone: distal region (lateral malleolus) articulates with?

A

Talus (tarsal bone) (ankle joint)

30
Q

Fibula bone: what stabilises the tib-fib relationships and separates those muscles?

A

Interosseous membrane

31
Q

Bones of the foot

A

Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

32
Q

Tarsal bones: how many bones?

A

7 bones

33
Q

Tarsal bones: connects to what bones?

A

Ankle (talus), heel (calcaneus)

34
Q

Tarsal bones: associated joints

A

Intertarsal joints

Tarsometatarsal joints

35
Q

Metatarsal bones: how many bones?

A

5 long bones

36
Q

Metatarsal bones: associated joints

A

Intermetatarsal joints

Metatarsophalangeal joints

37
Q

Phalange bones: how many bones (large toe)?

A

2 phalanges

38
Q

Phalange bones: how many bones (toes - II->V)?

A

3 phalanges

39
Q

Phalange bones: associated joint

A

Interphalangeal joint (PIP, DIP, IP)

40
Q

Joints of the lower limb

A 
Pelvis girdle
Hip Joint
Knee Joint
Ankle Joint
Foot
41
Q

Hip joint: anatomical location?

A

Lateral

42
Q

Hip joint: what bones does it connect?

A

Femur (head) -> hip bone (acetabulum)

43
Q

Hip joint: functional type & movements?

A

Ball & socket - Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation

44
Q

Hip joint: purpose?

A

Stable for weight bearing due to:
High bony congruence/contact
Labrum
Joint capsule & ligaments

45
Q

Knee Joint: what bones does it connect?

A

Femur (condyles) -> tibia (tibial plateau)

46
Q

Knee Joint: functional type & movements

A

Condylar - flexion/extension, rotation (in flexion, for ‘locking’)

47
Q

Knee Joint: purpose?

A

Low stability due to:

Low bony congruence

48
Q

Knee Joint ligaments: 3 types

A

Joint Capsule
Collateral ligaments
Cruciate ligaments

49
Q

Collateral ligaments: types

A

Medial (tibia) & lateral (fibula)

50
Q

Medial collateral ligament prevents…?

A

Abduction

51
Q

Lateral collateral ligament prevents…?

A

Adduction

52
Q

Cruciate ligament: types

A

Anterior (ACL)

Posterior (PCL)

53
Q

Anterior Cruciate ligament prevents…?

A

Anterior sliding of the tibia

54
Q

Posterior Cruciate ligament prevents…?

A

Posterior sliding of tibia

55
Q

Menisci of Knee joint aka…?

A

Fibrocartilage pads

56
Q

Menisci of Knee joint: attachment site

A

Tibia (tibial plateau)

57
Q

MEDIAL Menisci of Knee joint: attached to what ligaments?

A

Medial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament

58
Q

Menisci of Knee joint: function?

A

Increase stability
Deepens the articulation = more contact between joint surfaces
Weight bearing, shock absorption

59
Q

Ankle joint

A

Talocrural joint

60
Q

Talocrural Joint: connects what bones?

A

Tibia & fibula -> talus (tarsal bone)

61
Q

Talocrural Joint: functional type & movements

A

Hinge => flexion (plantar flexion), extension (dorsiflexion)

62
Q

Talocrural Joint: connects to what ligaments?

A

Medial (tibial)

Lateral (fibular)

63
Q

Talocrural Joint: most stable when in…?

A

Dorsiflexion

64
Q

Joints of the foot & toes (digits)

A

Intertarsal
Tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal
Metatarsophalangeal
Interphalangeal

65
Q

Intertarsal Joint: functional type

A

Plane Joint

66
Q

Intertarsal Joint: movements

A

Inversion (bottom of foot points towards midline)

Eversion (bottom of foot points towards outside - lateral)

67
Q

Tarsometatarsal/intermetatarsal Joint: functional type

A

Arthrodial

68
Q

Tarsometatarsal/intermetatarsal Joint: movement

A

Sliding

69
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint: functional type

A

Condyloid

70
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joint: movements

A

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction

71
Q

Interphalangeal Joint: functional type

A

Uniaxial hinge

72
Q

Interphalangeal Joint: movements

A

Flexion & extension

Anatomy Lab 1-20 (22 decks)

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