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Anatomy Lab 1-20 > Lower limb 1 > Flashcards

Lower limb 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of lower limbs

A 
Support weight of the body
Locomotion
*Gait cycle
Centre of gravity
Line of gravity
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2
Q

Joint structure is always a trade-off between…?

A

Stability & mobility

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3
Q

Regions of the Lower Limb

A

Gluteal region
Thigh
Leg
Foot

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4
Q

Gluteal Region (consists of)

A

Iliac crest -> gluteal fold (buttocks)

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5
Q

Thigh region (consists of)

A

Proximal
Between “groin” (inguinal ligament) & knee joint
Includes hip joint

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6
Q

Leg region (consists of)

A

Distal

Between knee joint & ankle joint

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7
Q

Foot region (consists of)

A 
Distal to ankle joint - makes contact with the ground
Toes (digits)
Great tow (hallucis)
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8
Q

Bones of the Upper Limb

A 
Pelvic bone (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
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9
Q

Pelvic bone: what are the 3 fused bones?

A

Ilium (posterior)
Ischium (inferior)
Pubis (anterior)

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10
Q

What part of the pelvic bone does the femur fit?

A

Acetabulum (lateral)

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11
Q

Pelvic bone: attachment site for what muscles?

A

Many muscles (e.g. gluteals (posterior), iliopsoas (anterior), hamstrings (inferior)

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12
Q

Femur bone: bone shape

A

Long bone

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13
Q

Pelvic bone: bone type?

A

Irregular bone

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14
Q

Femur bone: proximal head articulates with?

A

Acetabulum of hip bone

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15
Q

Femur bone: distal medial and lateral condyles articulate with?

A

Tibia (knee joint)

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16
Q

Femur bone: posterior gluteal tuberosity articulates with?

A

Gluteus maximus

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17
Q

Patella bone: bone type

A

Sesamoid bone

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18
Q

Patella bone: anterior region articulates with?

A

Femur (protects anterior aspect of knee joint)

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19
Q

Patella bone: proximal region attaches to?

A

Quadriceps tendon

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20
Q

Patella bone: distal region (patellar ligament) attaches to?

A

Tibial tuberosity

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21
Q

Tibia bone: anatomical location?

A

Medial of the leg

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22
Q

Tibia bone: bone type

A

Long bone, large (weight bearing)

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23
Q

Tibia bone: proximal region (tibial plateau) articulates with?

A

Femoral condyles (knee joint)

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24
Q

Tibia bone: tibial tuberosity attaches to?

A

Patellar ligament

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25
Tibia bone: distal region (medial malleolus) articulates with?
Talus (tarsal bone) (ankle joint)
26
Fibula bone: anatomical location?
Lateral of the leg
27
Fibula bone: bone type
Long bone (non-weight-bearing) (not part of knee joint - doesn't articulate with femur)
28
Fibula bone: proximal region (head) articulates with?
Tibia
29
Fibula bone: distal region (lateral malleolus) articulates with?
Talus (tarsal bone) (ankle joint)
30
Fibula bone: what stabilises the tib-fib relationships and separates those muscles?
Interosseous membrane
31
Bones of the foot
Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
32
Tarsal bones: how many bones?
7 bones
33
Tarsal bones: connects to what bones?
Ankle (talus), heel (calcaneus)
34
Tarsal bones: associated joints
Intertarsal joints | Tarsometatarsal joints
35
Metatarsal bones: how many bones?
5 long bones
36
Metatarsal bones: associated joints
Intermetatarsal joints | Metatarsophalangeal joints
37
Phalange bones: how many bones (large toe)?
2 phalanges
38
Phalange bones: how many bones (toes - II->V)?
3 phalanges
39
Phalange bones: associated joint
Interphalangeal joint (PIP, DIP, IP)
40
Joints of the lower limb
``` Pelvis girdle Hip Joint Knee Joint Ankle Joint Foot ```
41
Hip joint: anatomical location?
Lateral
42
Hip joint: what bones does it connect?
Femur (head) -> hip bone (acetabulum)
43
Hip joint: functional type & movements?
Ball & socket - Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation
44
Hip joint: purpose?
Stable for weight bearing due to: High bony congruence/contact Labrum Joint capsule & ligaments
45
Knee Joint: what bones does it connect?
Femur (condyles) -> tibia (tibial plateau)
46
Knee Joint: functional type & movements
Condylar - flexion/extension, rotation (in flexion, for 'locking')
47
Knee Joint: purpose?
Low stability due to: | Low bony congruence
48
Knee Joint ligaments: 3 types
Joint Capsule Collateral ligaments Cruciate ligaments
49
Collateral ligaments: types
Medial (tibia) & lateral (fibula)
50
Medial collateral ligament prevents...?
Abduction
51
Lateral collateral ligament prevents...?
Adduction
52
Cruciate ligament: types
Anterior (ACL) | Posterior (PCL)
53
Anterior Cruciate ligament prevents...?
Anterior sliding of the tibia
54
Posterior Cruciate ligament prevents...?
Posterior sliding of tibia
55
Menisci of Knee joint aka...?
Fibrocartilage pads
56
Menisci of Knee joint: attachment site
Tibia (tibial plateau)
57
MEDIAL Menisci of Knee joint: attached to what ligaments?
Medial collateral ligament | Lateral collateral ligament
58
Menisci of Knee joint: function?
Increase stability Deepens the articulation = more contact between joint surfaces Weight bearing, shock absorption
59
Ankle joint
Talocrural joint
60
Talocrural Joint: connects what bones?
Tibia & fibula -> talus (tarsal bone)
61
Talocrural Joint: functional type & movements
Hinge => flexion (plantar flexion), extension (dorsiflexion)
62
Talocrural Joint: connects to what ligaments?
Medial (tibial) | Lateral (fibular)
63
Talocrural Joint: most stable when in...?
Dorsiflexion
64
Joints of the foot & toes (digits)
Intertarsal Tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal Metatarsophalangeal Interphalangeal
65
Intertarsal Joint: functional type
Plane Joint
66
Intertarsal Joint: movements
Inversion (bottom of foot points towards midline) | Eversion (bottom of foot points towards outside - lateral)
67
Tarsometatarsal/intermetatarsal Joint: functional type
Arthrodial
68
Tarsometatarsal/intermetatarsal Joint: movement
Sliding
69
Metatarsophalangeal joint: functional type
Condyloid
70
Metatarsophalangeal joint: movements
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction
71
Interphalangeal Joint: functional type
Uniaxial hinge
72
Interphalangeal Joint: movements
Flexion & extension

Anatomy Lab 1-20 (22 decks)

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