Liver & Pancreas

Question 1

Pancreas

Answer 1

Posterior to the stomach
Retroperitoneal
Exocrine and endocrine function

Question 2

Exocrine

Answer 2

Secretes pancreatic juice into duodenum

Neutralizes stomach acid

Question 3

Endocrine

Answer 3

Regulates blood sugar levels
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon
Beta cells: secrete insulin

Question 4

Insulin & Glucagon…

Answer 4

Regulate blood sugar levels

Question 5

Pancreatic Duct

Answer 5

Delivers pancreatic secretions to duodenum

Epithelial cells secrete water to make up the secretions

Question 6

Duodenal Papilla

Answer 6

Pancreatic duct meets the bile duct

Shared sphincter controls secretions into the duodenum

Question 7

Pancreas Blood Supply: Arteries

Answer 7

Splenic artery
Pancreatic arteries
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior pancreatico-duodenal artery

Question 8

Pancreas Blood Supply: Veins

Answer 8

Splenic vein
Pancreatic vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Pancreatic-duodenal vein

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

Performs over 500 essential tasks

Question 10

Liver Function

Answer 10

Bile production
Metabolism
Detoxification
Vitamin, mineral, and energy storage
Protein synthesis
Immunological function
Processes blood from digestive tract
Etc.

Question 11

Liver: Location

Answer 11

Abdominal Cavity

Below diaphragm, right of stomach, above gallbladder

Question 12

Liver: Features

Answer 12

Right lobe (large)
Left lobe (small)
Bare area
Falciform ligament
Bile duct
Gallbaldder
Coronary ligament
Round ligament

Question 13

Liver: Blood Supply

Answer 13

Common hepatic artery (arises from celiac trunk artery)
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic veins (drain L, mid. & R parts of liver; distribute nutrients over the body)
2 blood supplies:
- hepatic portal vein carries ingested nutrients and toxins
- hepatic arteries provide oxygenated blood

Question 14

Hepatic Portal Vein

Answer 14

Not a ‘true’ vein (blood doesn’t return to heart)
Transfers blood from GI tract to the liver
75% total liver blood flow
Blood contains nutrients and toxins from digestive products

Question 15

Liver: Structure

Answer 15

Hepatocytes
Portal Triad
Liver Sinusoids (capillaries)
- Kupffer Cells

Question 16

Hepatocytes

Answer 16

Covered in microvilli
Perform most functions in the liver
Produce bile

Question 17

Bile Canaliculi

Answer 17

Narrow channels between hepatocytes

Located in the lobule

Question 18

Bile Ductules

Answer 18

Drain the Biel canaliculi

Located within the lobule and septa

Question 19

Bile Ducts

Answer 19

Drain the bile ductules
Located in the interlobular septa
Drains into the common hepatic duct

Question 20

Portal Triad

Answer 20

Collection of vessels in the interlobular system
- Interlobular vein
- Interlobular artery
- Interlobular bile ducts
Central vein runs through the middle of the lobule

Question 21

Liver Sinosoids

Answer 21

Run from the interlobular veins and interlobular arteries to the central vein
Supply the hepatocytes with:
- Nutrients/toxins from GI tract
- Oxygen from arterial circulation

Question 22

Kupffer Cells

Answer 22

Line sinusoids
Engulf pathogens, cell debris, damaged body cells
Store iron, lipids, heavy metals

Question 23

Gallbladder

Answer 23

Stores and concentrates bile prior to excretion

Located on posterior surface of liver’s right lobe

Question 24

Gallbladder: Structure

Answer 24

Fundrus
Body
Neck

Question 25

Common Hepatic Duct

Answer 25

Formed by cystic hepatic duct and common hepatic duct joining
Empties into duodenum

Question 26

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter

Answer 26

Closes between meals
Bile can only enter the duodenum when sphincter opens
Encircles lumen of:
- common bile duct
- pancreatic duct