Anatomical Terms, Cells & Tissues

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

Upright, Face forwards, Feet together

Question 2

Proximal

Answer 2

Closest to the centre of the body/the point of attachment (e.g. the knee joint is proximal to the ankle joint)

Question 3

Distal

Answer 3

Furthest from the centre of the body/the point of attachment (e.g. hand is distal to the shoulder)

Question 4

Superior (cranial)

Answer 4

Towards the head end of the body (e.g. neck is superior to the chest)

Question 5

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 5

Away from the head, towards the feet (e.g. foot is inferior to the knee)

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Towards the middle/centre (e.g. the chest is medial to the arm)

Question 7

Lateral

Answer 7

Away from the midline (e.g. little toe is at the lateral side of the foot)

Question 8

Superficial

Answer 8

A body structure that is located more externally (e.g. skin is superficial)

Question 9

Deep

Answer 9

A body structure that is located more internally (e.g. the spine is deep)

Question 10

Coronal Plane

Answer 10

Frontal anatomical plane

Question 11

Sagittal Plane

Answer 11

Anatomical plane in line with the sagittal crest

Question 12

Transverse Plane

Answer 12

Horizontal anatomical plane

Question 13

Axes of Rotation

Answer 13

An imaginary line at right angles to the plane, which the body can rotate or spin. Joints are at these axes, which allow for the movement

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Stores and processes genetic information (DNA) & controls metabolism

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

Power house of cells

Question 16

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 16

Smooth/Rough - produces products such as carbs, fats & proteins

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Store, modify and package proteins

Question 18

Function of the Cell Membrane (phospholipid bilayer)

Answer 18

Diffusion, carrier proteins, channels, vesicles (membrane sacs)

Question 19

Basic Tissues

Answer 19

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 20

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 20

Layers of cells that cover exposed areas and line internal passages, protective cells

Question 21

Connective Tissue

Answer 21

Support the body (e.g. structural framework - bone, holds parts together - ligaments and tendons, transports substances - blood. Varies in appearance depending on the functions explained earlier)

Question 22

Nervous Tissue

Answer 22

Provides communication between various parts of the body and helps them to work together (e.g. brain, spinal cord & nerves)

Question 23

Muscle Tissue

Answer 23

Specialised for contraction, three types - skeletal, cardiac & smooth

Question 24

Arrangements of Epithelial Cells

Answer 24

Squamous (flat), cuboidal, columnar (tall)

Question 25

Features of Epithelial Cells

Answer 25

Microvilli, cilia, cell junctions (structural & functional)