Small & Large Intestine

Question 1

Segments of Small Intestine

Answer 1

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 2

Duodenum

Answer 2

Receives chyme from the stomach and digestive secretions from the pancreas and liver

Question 3

Jejunum

Answer 3

Bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 4

Ileum

Answer 4

Absorbs vitamin B12, bile salts and remainder of nutrients

Question 5

Absorption facilitated by:

Answer 5

Movement: smooth muscle
Large surface area: tube length, plicae circulates, villi, microvilli
Enzymes: in lumen
Protection: epithelial cells
Absorption: transporters

Question 6

Digestive Tract Layers

Answer 6

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis Externa
Serosa

Question 7

Mucosa

Answer 7

Inner lining
Exposed to lumen
Mucous membrane
Epithelium

Question 8

Submucosa

Answer 8

Surrounds mucosa
Dense connective tissue
Blood vessels and lymphatics

Question 9

Muscularis Externa

Answer 9

Smooth muscle: circular layer and longitudinal layer
Mechanical processing
Movement

Question 10

Serosa

Answer 10

Surrounds musuclaris externa
Secretes lubricating fluid
Reduces friction

Question 11

Plicae Circulares

Answer 11

Folds of the submucosa
Increases surface area of absorption
Covered with villi
Mostly found in jejunum

Question 12

Intestinal Villi

Answer 12

Finger-like projections of mucosa
Increase surface area
Villi contain a lacteal and a capillary network each to absorb fats and nutrients
Goblet cells secrete mucous
Columnar epithelial cells absorb nutrients

Question 13

Microvilli

Answer 13

Project from epithelial cells
“Brush border”
Contain integral BB enzymes and transporters
Epithelial cells absorb nutrients

Question 14

Small Intestine Blood Supply

Answer 14

Arteries
- branch off celiac trunk artery
- superior mesenteric artery
Veins
- hepatic portal vein
- superior mesenteric vein

Question 15

Sections of Large Intestine

Answer 15

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

Question 16

Features of the Large Intestine

Answer 16

Taeniae Coli - bands of longitudinal muscle
Haustra - pouches permitting expansion and elongation of the colon
Fatty appendices - storage of fat

Question 17

Large Intestine Function

Answer 17

1. Absorption of water
2. Absorption of remaining nutrients
3. Houses gut flora
4. Compaction of material into faeces
5. Storage

Question 18

Cecum

Answer 18

Collects and stores material from the ileum

Ileocecal valve controls passage

Question 19

Appendix

Answer 19

Attached to cecum
Organ of lymphatic system
Storage of gut flora
Inflammation: appendicitis

Question 20

Rectum

Answer 20

Expandable/temporary storage
Expansion of the rectum triggers urge to defecate
Features:
- Anal canal
- Anal columns
- Internal (involuntary) and external (voluntary) anal sphincters
- Anus

Question 21

Large Intestinal Wall

Answer 21

Serosa
Muscular layer: longitudinal layer, circular layer
Submucosa
Musuclaris mucosae
Goblet cells
Intestinal gland
Aggregated lymphoid nodule
Simple columnar epithelium
Thinner wall than small intestine
Lack of villi and place circulates
Abundance of goblet cells

Question 22

Large Intestine Blood Supply

Answer 22

Hepatic portal vein
Superior mesenteric vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery