Lungs, Pulmonary Ventilation & Circulation

Question 1

The Pleura

Answer 1

Serous membrane that lines body cavities & secretes serous fluid
Visceral Pleura (covers lungs)
Parietal Pleura (lines throat, mediastinum)

Question 2

Pleural Cavity

Answer 2

Space between the membranes, contains serous fluid

Question 3

Apex

Answer 3

Superior region of the lung, near the clavicle

Rounded tip of structure - such as heart/lung

Question 4

Base

Answer 4

Inferior region of the lung, sits on the diaphragm

Question 5

Costal Surface

Answer 5

Outer surface of the lungs, against the ribs

Question 6

Hilum

Answer 6

Medial region of the lungs, where structures enter/exit

Question 7

Pulmonary Arteries & Veins Purpose

Answer 7

Connection between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 8

Right Lung

Answer 8

3 lobes, 2 fissures

Question 9

Left Lung

Answer 9

2 lobes, 1 fissure

Question 10

Veins..

Answer 10

always bring blood to the heart

Question 11

Arteries…

Answer 11

always take blood away from the heart

Question 12

Alveolar Epithelium

Answer 12

Type 1 pneumocytes - squamous, thin, epithelial cells

Type 2 pneumocytes - cuboidal, surfactant-secreting cells

Question 13

Surfactant

Answer 13

Secreted by Type II Pneumocytes - Glycolipid/phospholipid that reduces the surface tension for the alveolar fluid

Question 14

Blood Gas Barrier

Answer 14

Type 1 pneomocytes
Fused base membrane - alveolar and capillary epithelium
Capillary endothelium

Question 15

Boyles Law

Answer 15

*Air will move from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure
Relationship between pressure & volume
Pulmonary ventilation uses the law to provide respiratory cycles
- Inspiration (moves air into the lungs)
- Expiration (moves air out of the lungs)

Question 16

Inspiration

Answer 16

*Air flows in - inspiration
Lung (alveolar) pressure is lower than atmospheric pressure
Contracted diaphragm and external intercostals
Thorax volume increases

Question 17

Expiration

Answer 17

*Air flows out - expiration
Lung (alveolar) pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure
Passive process (like elastic recoil)
Relaxation of respiratory muscles
Thorax volume decreases

Question 18

Respiratory Accessory Muscles Function

Answer 18

Used during forced breathing
During increase in activity (exercise)
When airway resistance is high (narrow airways with asthma)

Question 19

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 19

Heart is a pump
Right side pumps blood to pulmonary circuit (lungs)
Left side pumps blood to the systemic circuit (organs)
Delivers deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

Question 20

Pulmonary Circuit Structure

Answer 20

Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries (L & R)
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary Venules
Pulmonary Veins