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Anatomy Lab 1-20 > Brain & Skull > Flashcards

Brain & Skull Flashcards

1
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Sensory (affarent) Division

A

PNS, attracting information to the brain

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3
Q

Motor (efferent) Division

A

PNS, going away from the brain

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4
Q

PNS Function

A

Receptors detect internal or environmental change, information is sent to the CNS (central nervous system) to promote movement in the muscle.

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5
Q

SNS

A

Somatic nervous system, part of the motor division of the PNS

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6
Q

ANS

A

Autonomic nervous system, part of the motor division of the PNS

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7
Q

Cells in Nervous Tissue

A

Neurons & Neuroglia (several kinds of supporting cells; also called glial cells)

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Communicate between brain regions, made up of 3 parts; cell body - nucleus & other organelles, dendrites - receive the stimuli internally or from environmental changes, axon - transmits/conducts information to other cells in the form of electrical pulses, axon terminals - site of communication/contact with other cells

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9
Q

Neuroglia

A

Different types with different functions; protection, support, repair nervous system, nutrient supply to neurons

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10
Q

Astrocytes

A

First line defence to protect the brain, regulate blood flow

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11
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

In the CNS, insulate the axons (produces myelin) to ensure strong electrical communication, supports nerve fibres

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12
Q

Schwann Cells

A

In the PNS, support nerve fibres, repair after injury, form myelin sheath around peripheral nerves)

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13
Q

White Matter

A

Regions filled with myelinated axons

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14
Q

Grey Matter

A

Regions where the axons are less dominate

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15
Q

Synapse

A

The region of space between cells, cells can communicate with each other, neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane

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16
Q

Nervous Cell Mutation

A

E.g. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - progressive degenerative disorder that affects motor neurons in the CNS, causes atrophy of the associated skeletal muscle fibers

17
Q

Structure of the Brain (not the lobes)

A

Cerebrum, divided into 2 hemispheres, highly folded surface - gyrus (ridge) & sulcus (trough), superficial layer of grey matter is called the cerebral cortex

18
Q

Functions of the Brain

A

Conscious thought, memory storage & processing, sensory processing, regulating skeletal muscle contractions

19
Q

Cerebellum (functions)

A

Partially hidden by the cerebral hemispheres, coordinating and modulating motor commands from he cerebral cortex, coordinates motor function, balance & memory
important to protect the cerebellum

20
Q

Brainstem (3 structures)

A

Midbrain - processes visual and auditory (sound) information & controls reflexes, pons - tracts and relays centres & visceral motor control (if a stroke were to occur, it would cut off transmission to the rest of the body and there would be no communication), medulla oblongata - relays sensory information to the thalamus & integration centres that regulate heart rate and blood pressure

21
Q

Lobes of the Brain

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Precentral Gyrus, Postcentral Gyrus

22
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Motor, emotions - 1/3 of cortical surface, divided into 2 key areas, controls motor function, high order functions, e.g. emotion, memory, learning

23
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Sensory - receives and processes stimuli, cutaneous, e.g. touch, pain, kinaesthetic , e.g. body position

24
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Auditory

25
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

26
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Contains primary motor cortex

27
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Contains primary somatosensory cortex; receives sensory information

28
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Communicates between the left & right hemispheres of the brain

29
Q

Association Fibers

A

Connections between the gyri in the same hemisphere

30
Q

Projection Fibers

A

Connect the cerebral cortex with the brainstem and spinal cord (= motor + sensory)

31
Q

Skull Bones

A

Frontal, Temporal x2, Parietal x2, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid

32
Q

Facial Bones

A

Mandible, Zygomatic Arch x2, Maxilla x2

33
Q

Sutures

A

Joints where the cranial bones and facial bones connect

34
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Straight down, attaches the frontal and parietal bones

35
Q

Sagittal Suture

A

Attaches parietal bones

36
Q

Squamous Suture

A

Attaches temporal and parietal bones

37
Q

Lambdoid Suture

A

Attaches occipital and parietal bones

Anatomy Lab 1-20 (22 decks)

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