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Anatomy Lab 1-20 > Lower Limb 2 > Flashcards

Lower Limb 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Movements of the Knee

A

Flexion (backwards)
Extension (forwards)
Rotation (slight flexion) - for ‘locking’
*Abduction/adduction restricted by ligaments

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2
Q

Movements of the Ankle

A

Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

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3
Q

Movements of the Foot (intertarsal)

A

Sliding, gliding = inversion, eversion

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4
Q

Movements of the foot (tarsometatarsal)

A

Sliding, gliding

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5
Q

Movements of the Toes (metatarsophalangeal)

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

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6
Q

Movements of the toes (interphalangeal)

A

Flexion, extension

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7
Q

Hip Joint: muscles

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Gluteus maxis
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinous, semimembranous)

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8
Q

Knee Joint: muscles

A

Quadriceps femoris
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius

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9
Q

Ankle joint; muscles

A 
Tibialis anterior
Triceps sure (gastrocnemius, coleus, plantaris)
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10
Q

Iliopsoas muscle: anatomical location

A

Anterior

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11
Q

Iliopsoas muscle: made of what two muscles?

A

Psoas major

Iliacus

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12
Q

Iliopsoas muscle: attaches to what bones?

A

Vertebral column & ilium -> femur (lesser trochanter)

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13
Q

Iliopsoas muscle: function

A

Hip flexion

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14
Q

Rectus femoris muscle: anatomical location

A

Anterior

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15
Q

Rectus femoris muscle: part of what muscle group?

A

Quadriceps femoris muscles group

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16
Q

Rectus femoris muscle: attaches to?

A

Ilium -> quadriceps tendon (patella, tibia)

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17
Q

Rectus femoris muscle: function

A

Hip flexion

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18
Q

Gluteus Maximus muscle: anatomical location

A

Posterior

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19
Q

Gluteus Maximus muscle: type of muscle

A

Quadrangular, large muscles

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20
Q

Gluteus Maximus muscle: attaches to

A

Ilium (posterior gluteal surface) -> femur (gluteal tuberosity)

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21
Q

Gluteus Maximus muscle: function

A

Hip extension

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22
Q

Hamstrings muscle group (3 muscles)

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

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23
Q

Hamstrings muscle group: attaches to?

A

Ischium (tuberosity) -> head of fibula, medial tibia

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24
Q

Hamstrings muscle group (hip joint): functions

A

Hip extension
Hip lateral rotation
Medial rotation

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25
Q

Muscles that move the Knee joint

A

Quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, gastrocnemius

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26
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscle: anatomical position

A

Anterior to knee

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27
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscle: made up of 4 muscles…?

A

Rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastis intermedius (deep)

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28
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscle: attaches to?

A

Ilium (femur) -> quadriceps tendon (-> patella -> tibia)

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29
Q

Quadriceps femoris muscle: function

A

Knee extension

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30
Q

Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): anatomical location

A

Posterior to knee

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31
Q

Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): attaches to?

A

Ischium (tuberosity) -> head of fibula, medial tibia

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32
Q

Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): function

A

Knee flexion

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33
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle: anatomical location

A 
Posterior
Two heads (med. & lat.), superficial
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34
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle: attaches to?

A

Femur (condyles) -> calcaneal tendon (-> calcareous)

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35
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle: function

A

Knee flexion

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36
Q

Muscles that move the ankle joint

A

Tibialis Anterior

Triceps surae

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37
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle: anatomical location

A

Anterior, superficial

38
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle: attaches to?

A

Tibia (lateral) and interosseous membrane -> tarsals (inferior, media), 1st metatarsal (base, great, toe)

39
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle: functions

A

Dorsiflexion

Foot inversion

40
Q

Triceps sure muscle: anatomical location?

A

Posterior

41
Q

Triceps sure muscle: 3 muscles

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

42
Q

Triceps sure muscle: attaches to?

A

Femur, Tibia -> calcaneal tendon (-> calcaneus)

43
Q

Triceps sure muscle: function

A

Plantarflexion

44
Q

Gait Cycle: purpose

A

Locomotion

45
Q

Gait Cycle: 2 stances

A
  1. Stance Phase (heel strike)

2. Swing Phase (toe off)

46
Q

Stance Phase (3 phases)

A

Early Stance (heel strike)
Mid Stance
Late Stance

47
Q

Early Stance: Hip movement

A

In flexion -> extension

48
Q

Early Stance: Hip concentric action

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings

49
Q

Early Stance: Hip eccentric action

A

Iliopsoas

50
Q

Early Stance: Knee movement

A

Extension (locked for stability)

51
Q

Early Stance: Knee isometric action

A

Quadriceps femoris & hamstrings, gastrocnemius

52
Q

Early Stance: Ankle movement

A

Dorsiflexion, moving into plantarflexion

53
Q

Mid Stance: Hip movement

A

Moving into extension

54
Q

Mid Stance: Hip concentric action

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings

55
Q

Mid Stance: Hip eccentric action

A

Iliopsoas

56
Q

Mid Stance: Knee movement

A

Extension to slight flexion

57
Q

Mid Stance: Knee concentric action

A

Hamstrings, gastrocnemius

58
Q

Mid Stance: Ankle movement

A

Moving into plantarflexion

59
Q

Mid Stance: Ankle concentric action

A

Triceps surae

60
Q

Late Stance: Hip movement

A

Extension

61
Q

Late Stance: Hip concentric action

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings

62
Q

Late Stance: Hip eccentric action

A

Iliopsoas

63
Q

Late Stance: Knee movement

A

Slight flexion into extension

64
Q

Late Stance: Knee concentric action

A

Quadriceps femoris

65
Q

Late Stance: Ankle movement

A

Full plantarflexion

66
Q

Late Stance: Ankle concentric action

A

Triceps surae (strong for propulsion)

67
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Hip movement

A

Extension moving into flexion

68
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Hip concentric action

A

Iliopsoas

69
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Hip eccentric action

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)

70
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Knee movement

A

In flexion

71
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Knee concentric action

A

Hamstrings & gastrocnemius

72
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Ankle movement

A

In dorsiflexion (allows clearance of the toes during swing)

73
Q

Early Swing (toe off): Ankle concentric action

A

Tibialis anterior

74
Q

Mid Swing: Hip movement

A

In flexion

75
Q

Mid Swing: Hip concentric action

A

Hamstrings, gastrocnemius

76
Q

Mid Swing: Hip eccentric movement

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)

77
Q

Mid Swing: Knee movement

A

In flexion

78
Q

Mid Swing: Knee concentric action

A

Hamstrings, gastrocnemius

79
Q

Mid Swing: Ankle movement

A

Dorsiflexion (allow clearance of the toes during swing)

80
Q

Mid Swing: Ankle concentric action

A

Tibialis anterior

81
Q

Late Swing: Hip movement

A

Moved further into flexion

82
Q

Late Swing: Hip concentric movement

A

Iliopsoas

83
Q

Late Swing: Hip eccentric movement

A

Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)

84
Q

Late Swing: Knee movement

A

In flexion, moving into extension (prepare for heel strike & knee locking for stability)

85
Q

Late Swing: Knee concentric action

A

Quadriceps femoris

86
Q

Late Swing: Ankle movement

A

Dorsiflexion (makes stable joint position for heel strike)

87
Q

Late Swing: Ankle concentric action

A

Tibialis anterior

88
Q

Late Swing: Ankle isometric action

A

Triceps sure (keep ankle stable)

89
Q

Concentric action

A

Shortening

90
Q

Eccentric action

A

Lengthening

91
Q

Isometric action

A

Muscular contractions resisting against each other, resulting in the muscles staying the same

Anatomy Lab 1-20 (22 decks)

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