Lower Limb 2 Flashcards
Movements of the Knee
Flexion (backwards)
Extension (forwards)
Rotation (slight flexion) - for ‘locking’
*Abduction/adduction restricted by ligaments
Movements of the Ankle
Plantarflexion, dorsiflexion
Movements of the Foot (intertarsal)
Sliding, gliding = inversion, eversion
Movements of the foot (tarsometatarsal)
Sliding, gliding
Movements of the Toes (metatarsophalangeal)
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
Movements of the toes (interphalangeal)
Flexion, extension
Hip Joint: muscles
Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Gluteus maxis
Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinous, semimembranous)
Knee Joint: muscles
Quadriceps femoris
Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Ankle joint; muscles
Tibialis anterior Triceps sure (gastrocnemius, coleus, plantaris)
Iliopsoas muscle: anatomical location
Anterior
Iliopsoas muscle: made of what two muscles?
Psoas major
Iliacus
Iliopsoas muscle: attaches to what bones?
Vertebral column & ilium -> femur (lesser trochanter)
Iliopsoas muscle: function
Hip flexion
Rectus femoris muscle: anatomical location
Anterior
Rectus femoris muscle: part of what muscle group?
Quadriceps femoris muscles group
Rectus femoris muscle: attaches to?
Ilium -> quadriceps tendon (patella, tibia)
Rectus femoris muscle: function
Hip flexion
Gluteus Maximus muscle: anatomical location
Posterior
Gluteus Maximus muscle: type of muscle
Quadrangular, large muscles
Gluteus Maximus muscle: attaches to
Ilium (posterior gluteal surface) -> femur (gluteal tuberosity)
Gluteus Maximus muscle: function
Hip extension
Hamstrings muscle group (3 muscles)
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Hamstrings muscle group: attaches to?
Ischium (tuberosity) -> head of fibula, medial tibia
Hamstrings muscle group (hip joint): functions
Hip extension
Hip lateral rotation
Medial rotation
Muscles that move the Knee joint
Quadriceps femoris, hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Quadriceps femoris muscle: anatomical position
Anterior to knee
Quadriceps femoris muscle: made up of 4 muscles…?
Rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastis intermedius (deep)
Quadriceps femoris muscle: attaches to?
Ilium (femur) -> quadriceps tendon (-> patella -> tibia)
Quadriceps femoris muscle: function
Knee extension
Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): anatomical location
Posterior to knee
Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): attaches to?
Ischium (tuberosity) -> head of fibula, medial tibia
Hamstrings muscle group (knee joint): function
Knee flexion
Gastrocnemius muscle: anatomical location
Posterior Two heads (med. & lat.), superficial
Gastrocnemius muscle: attaches to?
Femur (condyles) -> calcaneal tendon (-> calcareous)
Gastrocnemius muscle: function
Knee flexion
Muscles that move the ankle joint
Tibialis Anterior
Triceps surae
Tibialis anterior muscle: anatomical location
Anterior, superficial
Tibialis anterior muscle: attaches to?
Tibia (lateral) and interosseous membrane -> tarsals (inferior, media), 1st metatarsal (base, great, toe)
Tibialis anterior muscle: functions
Dorsiflexion
Foot inversion
Triceps sure muscle: anatomical location?
Posterior
Triceps sure muscle: 3 muscles
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Triceps sure muscle: attaches to?
Femur, Tibia -> calcaneal tendon (-> calcaneus)
Triceps sure muscle: function
Plantarflexion
Gait Cycle: purpose
Locomotion
Gait Cycle: 2 stances
- Stance Phase (heel strike)
2. Swing Phase (toe off)
Stance Phase (3 phases)
Early Stance (heel strike)
Mid Stance
Late Stance
Early Stance: Hip movement
In flexion -> extension
Early Stance: Hip concentric action
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings
Early Stance: Hip eccentric action
Iliopsoas
Early Stance: Knee movement
Extension (locked for stability)
Early Stance: Knee isometric action
Quadriceps femoris & hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Early Stance: Ankle movement
Dorsiflexion, moving into plantarflexion
Mid Stance: Hip movement
Moving into extension
Mid Stance: Hip concentric action
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings
Mid Stance: Hip eccentric action
Iliopsoas
Mid Stance: Knee movement
Extension to slight flexion
Mid Stance: Knee concentric action
Hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Mid Stance: Ankle movement
Moving into plantarflexion
Mid Stance: Ankle concentric action
Triceps surae
Late Stance: Hip movement
Extension
Late Stance: Hip concentric action
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings
Late Stance: Hip eccentric action
Iliopsoas
Late Stance: Knee movement
Slight flexion into extension
Late Stance: Knee concentric action
Quadriceps femoris
Late Stance: Ankle movement
Full plantarflexion
Late Stance: Ankle concentric action
Triceps surae (strong for propulsion)
Early Swing (toe off): Hip movement
Extension moving into flexion
Early Swing (toe off): Hip concentric action
Iliopsoas
Early Swing (toe off): Hip eccentric action
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)
Early Swing (toe off): Knee movement
In flexion
Early Swing (toe off): Knee concentric action
Hamstrings & gastrocnemius
Early Swing (toe off): Ankle movement
In dorsiflexion (allows clearance of the toes during swing)
Early Swing (toe off): Ankle concentric action
Tibialis anterior
Mid Swing: Hip movement
In flexion
Mid Swing: Hip concentric action
Hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Mid Swing: Hip eccentric movement
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)
Mid Swing: Knee movement
In flexion
Mid Swing: Knee concentric action
Hamstrings, gastrocnemius
Mid Swing: Ankle movement
Dorsiflexion (allow clearance of the toes during swing)
Mid Swing: Ankle concentric action
Tibialis anterior
Late Swing: Hip movement
Moved further into flexion
Late Swing: Hip concentric movement
Iliopsoas
Late Swing: Hip eccentric movement
Gluteus maximus, hamstrings (control rate of swing)
Late Swing: Knee movement
In flexion, moving into extension (prepare for heel strike & knee locking for stability)
Late Swing: Knee concentric action
Quadriceps femoris
Late Swing: Ankle movement
Dorsiflexion (makes stable joint position for heel strike)
Late Swing: Ankle concentric action
Tibialis anterior
Late Swing: Ankle isometric action
Triceps sure (keep ankle stable)
Concentric action
Shortening
Eccentric action
Lengthening
Isometric action
Muscular contractions resisting against each other, resulting in the muscles staying the same