Female & Male Anatomy (Fertilisation, Development & Pregnancy)

Question 1

How is spermatozoa released?

Answer 1

Ejaculation

Question 2

How are oocytes released?

Answer 2

Ovulation

Question 3

Oocyte released at ovulation is surrounded by the…?

Answer 3

Corona radiata & zona pellucida

Question 4

What pushes through the corona radiata and fuses with the zona pellucia?

Answer 4

Sperm

Question 5

Meiosis II (in oocytes) completes to form…?

Answer 5

A zygote and completes fertilisation

Question 6

The zygote divides via mitosis to form a…?

Answer 6

Blastocyst (takes 5-7 days after fertilisation)

Question 7

When does implantation of the blastocyst occur?

Answer 7

About a week after fertilisation (5-7 days)

Question 8

Two parts of the blastocyst:

Answer 8

Inner cell mass

Outer layer of cells (trophoblast)

Question 9

Inner cell mass of blastocyst develops into…?

Answer 9

The embryo (including the umbilical cord)

Question 10

Trophoblast of blastocyst forms the…?

Answer 10

Placenta around embryo

Question 11

Gastrulation

Answer 11

Formation of embryonic layers (germ layers)

Question 12

Germ Layers

Answer 12

Ectoderm (external)
Mesoderm (middle)
Endoderm (internal)

Question 13

What part of the body does the ectoderm develop into?

Answer 13

Skin, brain

Question 14

What part of the body does the mesoderm develop into?

Answer 14

Muscles, bones, organs (heart, kidneys)

Question 15

What part of the body does the endoderm develop into?

Answer 15

Tracts of respiratory & digestive system (mucosa)

Question 16

Function of the placenta:

Answer 16

To the developing embryo

• exchange gases
• deliver nutrients
• remove wastes
• produce hormones

Question 17

Development of the Placenta:

Answer 17

Embyronic & fetal development

Organs and tissues develop, then the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, lungs (develop last)

Question 18

Body changes during pregnancy:

Answer 18

Increased blood volume (almost 50%)
Decrease lung capacity => respiratory rate increases
Adipose deposition
Increased glucose levels to meet nutrient requirements (almost 30% above normal)
Change in vertebral alignment
Filtration rate increases (more urination)
Uterus expands (length & weight)
*increase weight of uterus pushes on bladder, causing more frequent urination

Question 19

Partuition

Answer 19

Child birth; labour

Question 20

Partuition Stages

Answer 20

Dilation, Expulsion, Placental

Question 21

Dilation Stage

Answer 21

Amniotic sac ruptures
Dilation of cervix
Muscular contractions

Question 22

Expulsion Stage

Answer 22

Muscular contractions

Fetus emerges from vagina

Question 23

Placental Stage

Answer 23

Placenta needs to be expelled

Uterine vessels need to close (minimise blood loss)

Question 24

Contraception: Barriers

Answer 24

Condoms

Diaphragm

Question 25

Contraception: Surgical

Answer 25

Ligation (tying tubes)

Question 26

Contraception: Hormonal

Answer 26

OCP (the pill)
IUD
Injection/implant