Upper GI Tract Pathology Flashcards
diseases of the upper GI tract can cause
retrosternal discomfort
pain
indigestion
what is oesophageal reflux?
reflux of gastric acid into the oesophagus
hiatus hernia
the stomach bulges up into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm
oesophageal reflux involves the thickening of….
squamous epithelium
ulceration of the oesophagus can occur when there is severe
reflux
complication of oesophageal reflux can include
healing by fibrosis
(stricture formation, impaired oesophageal motility, obstructions)
barrett’s oesophagus
barretts oesophagus
pre malignant condition that is a type of metaplasia
transformation from squamous epithelium to glandular epithelium
oesophageal cancer is linked with
environmental factors
two histological types of oesophageal cancer
squamous carcinoma
adenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma in oesophageal cancer develops from
barretts oesophagus
risk factors for oesophageal cancer (SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA)
smoking
alcohol
dietary carcinogens
risk factors for oesophageal cancer (ADENOCARCINOMA)
barretts metaplasia
obesity
3 local effects of oesophageal cancer include:
obstruction
ulceration
perforation
spread of oesophageal cancer can be through
direct (to surrounding structures)
lymphatic (regional lymph nodes)
Blood (liver)
prognosis of oesophageal cancer is very ….. it has a ….. year survival rate
poor
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